Table 1.
Baseline characteristics based on TyG-BMI grouping of subjects enrolled according to ADA and WHO diagnostic criteria for pre-diabetes
| TyG-BMI quartile | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| According to WHO diagnostic criteria | |||||
| Q1(96.68–168.15) | Q2(168.15–192.09) | Q3(192.09–218.70) | Q4(218.70–477.08) | P-value | |
| No. of subjects | 27,710 | 27,709 | 27,709 | 27,710 | |
| Age, years | 35.00 (31.00–43.00) | 40.00 (33.00–51.00) | 44.00 (35.00–55.00) | 45.00 (36.00–56.00) | < 0.001 |
| Sex | < 0.001 | ||||
| Men | 7394 (26.68%) | 12,526 (45.21%) | 17,684 (63.82%) | 21,118 (76.21%) | |
| Women | 20,316 (73.32%) | 15,183 (54.79%) | 10,025 (36.18%) | 6592 (23.79%) | |
| Height, cm | 164.16 (7.50) | 165.43 (8.30) | 167.12 (8.48) | 168.41 (8.31) | < 0.001 |
| Weight, kg | 52.76 (6.02) | 60.48 (6.93) | 67.47 (7.70) | 77.44 (10.06) | < 0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 19.54 (1.37) | 22.04 (1.19) | 24.10 (1.30) | 27.24 (2.32) | < 0.001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 110.65 (13.57) | 116.14 (15.08) | 121.46 (15.63) | 126.96 (16.30) | < 0.001 |
| DBP, mmHg | 69.22 (9.19) | 72.06 (9.83) | 75.64 (10.35) | 79.59 (11.06) | < 0.001 |
| FPG, mmol/L | 4.69 (0.51) | 4.84 (0.52) | 4.94 (0.52) | 5.06 (0.53) | < 0.001 |
| TC, mmol/L | 4.45 (0.79) | 4.67 (0.84) | 4.88 (0.88) | 5.09 (0.91) | < 0.001 |
| TG, mmol/L | 0.68 (0.52–0.88) | 0.93 (0.72–1.20) | 1.27 (0.97–1.68) | 1.90 (1.40–2.64) | < 0.001 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.50 (1.30–1.70) | 1.39 (1.22–1.60) | 1.31 (1.13–1.50) | 1.22 (1.05–1.41) | < 0.001 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.45 (2.12–2.85) | 2.64 (2.27–3.08) | 2.81 (2.40–3.27) | 2.89 (2.46–3.36) | < 0.001 |
| ALT, U/L | 13.00 (10.30–17.00) | 15.90 (12.00–22.00) | 20.00 (15.00–28.00) | 27.50 (19.10–40.40) | < 0.001 |
| AST, U/L | 20.00 (17.00–23.00) | 21.00 (18.00–25.00) | 22.50 (19.00–27.00) | 25.00 (21.00–30.80) | < 0.001 |
| BUN, mmol/L | 4.30 (3.60–5.10) | 4.49 (3.77–5.30) | 4.66 (3.95–5.48) | 4.75 (4.04–5.55) | < 0.001 |
| Cr, umol/L | 60.70 (53.60–71.50) | 66.40 (56.40–79.20) | 73.00 (61.00–83.40) | 76.20 (65.90–85.80) | < 0.001 |
| TyG index | 7.84 (0.38) | 8.19 (0.39) | 8.52 (0.42) | 8.97 (0.50) | < 0.001 |
| Family history of diabetes | 571 (2.06%) | 687 (2.48%) | 583 (2.10%) | 617 (2.23%) | 0.004 |
| Smoking status | < 0.001 | ||||
| Non | 691 (2.49%) | 1131 (4.08%) | 1719 (6.20%) | 2575 (9.29%) | |
| Past | 127 (0.46%) | 234 (0.84%) | 401 (1.45%) | 474 (1.71%) | |
| Current | 6078 (21.93%) | 5962 (21.52%) | 5899 (21.29%) | 5628 (20.31%) | |
| Not recorded | 20,814 (75.11%) | 20,382 (73.56%) | 19,690 (71.06%) | 19,033 (68.69%) | |
| Drinking status | < 0.001 | ||||
| Non | 63 (0.23%) | 120 (0.43%) | 225 (0.81%) | 376 (1.36%) | |
| Past | 623 (2.25%) | 1058 (3.82%) | 1540 (5.56%) | 1993 (7.19%) | |
| Current | 6210 (22.41%) | 6149 (22.19%) | 6254 (22.57%) | 6308 (22.76%) | |
| Not recorded | 20,814 (75.11%) | 20,382 (73.56%) | 19,690 (71.06%) | 19,033 (68.69%) | |
| According to ADA diagnostic criteria | |||||
| Q1(96.68–166.56) | Q2(166.56–189.88) | Q3(189.88–216.05) | Q4(216.06–477.08) | ||
| No. of subjects | 25,077 | 25,077 | 25,077 | 25,078 | |
| Age, years | 35.00 (31.00–42.00) | 39.00 (33.00–49.00) | 43.00 (35.00–54.00) | 44.00 (36.00–55.00) | < 0.001 |
| Sex | < 0.001 | ||||
| Men | 6500 (25.92%) | 10,892 (43.43%) | 15,657 (62.44%) | 19,081 (76.09%) | |
| Women | 18,577 (74.08%) | 14,185 (56.57%) | 9420 (37.56%) | 5997 (23.91%) | |
| Height, cm | 164.13 (7.46) | 165.29 (8.24) | 167.06 (8.49) | 168.46 (8.30) | < 0.001 |
| Weight, kg | 52.50 (5.93) | 59.99 (6.83) | 67.00 (7.64) | 77.05 (10.01) | < 0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 19.45 (1.35) | 21.90 (1.17) | 23.94 (1.29) | 27.08 (2.30) | < 0.001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 110.30 (13.41) | 115.25 (14.83) | 120.60 (15.33) | 126.16 (16.12) | < 0.001 |
| DBP, mmHg | 69.05 (9.15) | 71.61 (9.76) | 75.19 (10.22) | 79.16 (11.06) | < 0.001 |
| FPG, mmol/L | 4.65 (0.48) | 4.76 (0.47) | 4.83 (0.46) | 4.91 (0.44) | < 0.001 |
| TC, mmol/L | 4.44 (0.79) | 4.65 (0.83) | 4.85 (0.87) | 5.06 (0.91) | < 0.001 |
| TG, mmol/L | 0.67 (0.52–0.86) | 0.90 (0.70–1.18) | 1.23 (0.95–1.62) | 1.87 (1.37–2.57) | < 0.001 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.50 (1.30–1.70) | 1.40 (1.23–1.60) | 1.31 (1.14–1.50) | 1.22 (1.05–1.41) | < 0.001 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.44 (2.11–2.84) | 2.63 (2.26–3.05) | 2.79 (2.37–3.24) | 2.87 (2.45–3.34) | < 0.001 |
| ALT, U/L | 13.00 (10.30–17.00) | 15.40 (11.90–21.30) | 19.60 (14.50–27.80) | 27.00 (19.00–40.00) | < 0.001 |
| AST, U/L | 20.00 (17.00–23.00) | 21.00 (18.00–24.60) | 22.00 (19.00–26.60) | 24.90 (20.90–30.20) | < 0.001 |
| BUN, mmol/L | 4.28 (3.60–5.08) | 4.45 (3.74–5.23) | 4.61 (3.91–5.42) | 4.71 (4.01–5.50) | < 0.001 |
| Cr, ummol/L | 60.50 (53.40–71.00) | 65.90 (56.00–78.80) | 72.70 (60.80–83.00) | 76.20 (65.90–85.60) | < 0.001 |
| TyG index | 7.82 (0.38) | 8.15 (0.38) | 8.47 (0.41) | 8.91 (0.50) | < 0.001 |
| Family history of diabetes | 513 (2.05%) | 607 (2.42%) | 530 (2.11%) | 558 (2.23%) | 0.025 |
| Smoking status | < 0.001 | ||||
| Non | 614 (2.45%) | 985 (3.93%) | 1486 (5.93%) | 2264 (9.03%) | |
| Past | 110 (0.44%) | 198 (0.79%) | 349 (1.39%) | 433 (1.73%) | |
| Current | 5441 (21.70%) | 5372 (21.42%) | 5301 (21.14%) | 5085 (20.28%) | |
| Not recorded | 18,912 (75.42%) | 18,522 (73.86%) | 17,941 (71.54%) | 17,296 (68.97%) | |
| Drinking status | < 0.001 | ||||
| Non | 56 (0.22%) | 100 (0.40%) | 177 (0.71%) | 306 (1.22%) | |
| Past | 530 (2.11%) | 928 (3.70%) | 1323 (5.28%) | 1767 (7.05%) | |
| Current | 5579 (22.25%) | 5527 (22.04%) | 5636 (22.47%) | 5709 (22.76%) | |
| Not recorded | 18,912 (75.42%) | 18,522 (73.86%) | 17,941 (71.54%) | 17,296 (68.97%) | |
Continuous variables were summarized as mean (SD) or medians (quartile interval), the differences among quartiles were evaluated by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s HSD test or the Kruskal–Wallis test and Steel–Dwass test. After making a pairwise comparison between the quintiles, the results showed that there were significant differences among all groups (P < 0.05). Categorical variables were displayed as percentage (%)
Abbreviations: ADA American Diabetes Association, WHO World Health Organization, BMI Body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, FPG fasting plasma glucose, TG triglyceride, TyG the triglyceride-glucose index, TyG-BMI triglyceride glucose-body mass index, TC total cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipid cholesterol, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, BUN blood urea nitrogen, Cr creatinine