Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the patients at enrollment
| Variables | Total (n=60) | Groups | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Supplementation (n=30) | Placebo (n=30) | |||
| Age (year) | 52.00 (9.00) | 51.00 (17.25) | 53.00 (7.00) | 0.437 |
| Gender, n (%) | ||||
| Male | 31 (51.6) | 15 (50) | 16 (53.3) | 0.796 |
| Female | 29 (48.4) | 15 (50) | 14 (46.7) | |
| BMI* | 26.04 (2.69) | 26.24 (2.61) | 26.24 (2.91) | 0.997 |
| Temperature* | 37.35 (0.54) | 37.51 (0.52) | 37.30 (0.58) | 0.213 |
| Respiratory aids, n (%) | ||||
| Mask with reserve | 13 (21.7) | 6 (20) | 7 (23.3) | 0.989 |
| Simple mask | 21 (35) | 11 (36.7) | 10 (33.3) | |
| Non-invasive ventilation | 22 (36.7) | 11 (36.7) | 11 (36.7) | |
| Invasive ventilation | 4 (6.6) | 2 (6.7) | 2 (6.7) | |
| Previous supplementation with vitamin D3, n (%) | 39 (65) | 17 (56.7) | 22 (73.3) | 0.176 |
| Underlying disease, n (%) | ||||
| DM | 11 (18.3) | 7 (23.3) | 4 (13.3) | 0.176 |
| Asthma | 8 (13.3) | 4 (13.3) | 4 (13.3) | |
| Thyroid diseases | 6 (10) | 4 (13.3) | 2 (6.7) | |
| Malignancy | 3 (5) | 2 (6.7) | 1 (3.3) | |
| DM and HTN | 20 (33.3) | 10 (33.3) | 10 (33.3) | |
| Oxygen saturation | ||||
| Without aid | 93.50 (2.75) | 87.50 (4.00) | 86.00 (2.5) | 0.929 |
| WBC count, × 109/L | 6.50 (1.45) | 6.40 (1.40) | 6.90 (2.67) | 0.198 |
| Neutrophil percentage* | 76.59 (9.45) | 77.73 (13.28) | 78.20 (10.17) | 0.871 |
| Lymphocyte percentage | 15.70 (9.95) | 14.70 (9.5) | 20.20 (13.45) | 0.882 |
| Hemoglobin | 12.40 (3.60) | 13.40 (4.02) | 12.10 (1.92) | 0.717 |
| FBS | 122.50 (63.25) | 123.00 (54.75) | 107.00 (61.25) | 0.888 |
| HbA1C | 6.65 (1.07) | 6.80 (1.02) | 6.10 (1.00) | 0.436 |
| ESR* | 70.78 (29.24) | 76.20 (28.85) | 67.70 (26.07) | 0.236 |
| CRP* | 102.66 (55.97) | 98.10 (59.54) | 105.83 (37.51) | 0.550 |
| IL6 | 213.35 (202.30) | 214.60 (210.15) | 197.95 (167.35) | 0.712 |
| TNF-ɑ | 213.15 (210.58) | 256.75 (225.58) | 194.75 (176.52) | 0.564 |
| IFN-γ | 84.65 (123.20) | 77.35 (135.18) | 147.80 (117.50) | 0.882 |
| Vitamin A | 0.20 (0.20) | 0.20 (0.20) | 0.20 (0.22) | 0.816 |
| Vitamin B9* | 6.56 (2.80) | 7.90 (3.80) | 6.54 (3.10) | 0.137 |
| Vitamin B12* | 530.21 (308.94) | 480.34 (292.71) | 521.25 (324.67) | 0.610 |
| Vitamin C | 0.20 (0.10) | 0.20 (0.20) | 0.10 (0.10) | 0.938 |
| Vitamin D | 22.00 (10.42) | 22.00 (9.07) | 22.00 (12.35) | 0.254 |
| Vitamin E* | 10.99 (3.22) | 11.30 (3.60) | 11.01 (2.53) | 0.723 |
| APACHE score | 20.50 (7.00) | 20.00 (7.25) | 22.50 (7.25) | 0.188 |
| SOFA score | 7.00 (2.75) | 7.00 (2.25) | 7.00 (3.00) | 0.566 |
BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus; HTN, hypertension; WBC, white blood cell; FBS, fasting blood sugar; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CRP, C-reactive protein; IL6, interleukin-6; TNF-ɑ, tumor necrosis factor-ɑ; IFN-γ, interferon gamma
*Normally distributed variables