Table 3.

Follow-up data of serum levels of vitamins by study groups

Variables (at day 7)	Group		Effect size**	P values of changes between groups
	Supplementation	Placebo
Vitamin A	0.35 (0.50)	0.10 (0.20)	1.9 (L)	< 0.001
Median (IQR) of change from  baseline	0.20 (0.20)	0.00 (0.10)
P value	< 0.001	0.035
Vitamin B9*	10.49 (3.87)	5.64 (2.34)	1.0 (L)	< 0.001
Mean change from baseline	2.60 (4.16)	− 0.91 (2.62)
P value	0.002	0.068
Vitamin B12*	889.00 (389.16)	414.24 (301.33)	2.4 (L)	< 0.001
Mean change from baseline	410.02 (263.55)	− 107.00 (165.61)
P value	< 0.001	0.001
Vitamin C	0.40 (0.10)	0.10 (0.10)	2.3 (L)	< 0.001
Median (IQR) of change from baseline	0.20 (0.20)	0.00 (0.10)
P value	< 0.001	0.011
Vitamin D	29.75 (15.00)	19.55 (8.37)	1.6 (L)	< 0.001
Median (IQR) of change from baseline	9.50 (10.85)	− 6.40 (8.52)
P value	< 0.001	< 0.001
Vitamin E*	13.86 (3.78)	8.30 (2.17)	2.6 (L)	< 0.001
Median (IQR) of change from baseline	2.56 (1.57)	− 2.71 (2.47)
P value	< 0.001	< 0.001

S, small: 0.2; M, moderate: 0.5; L, large: 0.8

*Normally distributed variables

**The effect sizes were calculated by Cohen’s d formula or Cliff’s delta statistic