Table 4.

Retinal vascular basement membrane thickening in diabetic animal models

Species	Mode of diabetes Induction	BMT in Non-Diabetic (nm)	BMT in Diabetic (nm)	References
Porcine	Alloxan-induced diabetes with normal diet	97.7±11.2	152.2 ± 16.3	(Hainsworth et al., 2002)
Porcine	Alloxan-induced diabetes with high fat diet	97.7 ± 11.2	120.2 ± 13	(Hainsworth et al., 2002)
Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rat	Galactose	160.4 ± 31.2	203.3 ± 376	(Frank et al., 1983)
Spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rat	Galactose	159.4 ± 36.1	230.7 ± 623	(Frank et al., 1983)
Marmosets	Galactose	147 ± 34	244 ± 30	(Chronopoulos et al., 2015)
Dog	Alloxan-induced diabetes	141 + 25	236 ± 46	(Engerman and Kern, 1984; Engerman et al., 1993; Gardiner et al., 2003)
Dog	Galactose	141 ± 25	258 ± 88	(Engerman and Kern, 1984; Engerman et al., 1993)
Human	Diabetic subject	292.4 ± 24.3	583.1 ± 38.52	(Bianchi et al., 2016)
Yorkshire swine	Streptozotocin	2.6 ± 15.0	121.5 ± 21.8	(Lee et al., 2010)
Spiny mice	Streptozotocin	124.2 ± 1.7	150.8 ± 1.4	(Beauchemin et al., 1975)
Cat	Partial Pancreatectomy	72 ± 12	114 ± 15	(Mansour et al., 1990)
Sprague-Dawley rats	30% Galactose	159 ± 23	227 ± 37	(Kern and Engerman, 1994; Robison et al., 1986)
Sprague-Dawley rats	50% Galactose	159 ± 23	276 ± 226	(Kern and Engerman, 1994)
Sprague-Dawley rats	50% Galactose	159 ± 23	216 ± 36	(Kern and Engerman, 1994)
BALB/c mice	Streptozotocin	149 ± 45	295 ± 72	(Cuthbertson et al., 1989)