Clusters	Major theme	Sub-themes	Research questions	Suggested theoretical underpinnings
1	Impact of COVID-19 on tourist decision making, destination marketing, and technology adoption	Travel decision-making and role of technology	How is travel decision-making impacted by perceived risks during a crisis? How immediate tourism demand can be predicted after a crisis by understanding tourist behavior, personalities, and demographics? How preference for destinations has changed under the impact of the pandemic? How different types of tourism (i.e., medical, adventure, religious, business, leisure, group tours, self-planned tours, events/festivals, and international vs. domestic) are influenced by the pandemic and the implications of this on the subsequent recovery phase? How tourist concerns (such as canceled bookings, refunds, stuck during the lockdown, etc.) were managed during the pandemic and how this impacted tourists' attitudes and intentions to engage with a firm? How communication during crisis and risk perceptions influenced tourist intention to travel in the future? How technology can be integrated with tourism services to improve tourist experience and safety concerns? What will be the positive and negative responses of tourists on technology integrated tourism services? Which new and existing technologies can aid the recovery of the tourism industry and how?	Theory of Planned Behavior Regulatory Focus Theory Construal Level Theory Social Identity Theory Technology Acceptance Model Diffusion of Innovation Self-Service Technology
		Destination marketing	How destination image was impacted by mass media during the pandemic and tourist response to such communication? Should destinations attempt to assess and change their image/positioning after the crisis? What social media communication occurred related to the specific destination during the pandemic? How social media can alter the image of destinations post-COVID-19? How the tourists who will be the first to visit the destination after the pandemic will influence destination image through word-of-mouth (ewom)? How destinations will collaborate with tourists and the local community to create a safe environment post-pandemic?	Agenda Setting Theory Uses and Gratification Theory Elaboration Likelihood Model
		Impact of the pandemic on mobility and tourist well-being	How travel restrictions affected the well-being of tourists? What can tourist organizations do to provide experiences that improve tourist well-being? How mobility restrictions can help in promoting local tourism?	Theory of Well-Being Mindfulness Theory
2	Future of tourism post-COVID-19: Crisis, recovery, and future	Future of tourism post COVID-19	Will tourism evolve or remain as it was, post the pandemic? What changes should be included in current tourism practices? How responsible tourism can be promoted and how destinations and tourists will respond to such changes?	Planning Theory Design Thinking
		Sustainable tourism and sustainable consumption	What is the impact of the pandemic on tourists' attitudes toward sustainability in tourism? Are tourists likely to exhibit sustainable behavior during the trip or would they only expect destinations and the tourism industry to follow sustainable practices? How tourism experiences, destination infrastructure, and hospitality services should be redesigned to promote sustainable practices and consumption? What will be the role of tourists, communities, government, and industry in promoting sustainability?	Value Co-Creation Social Cognitive Theory
		Crisis management and tourism recovery	What lessons have been learned from crisis management during the pandemic, and how they can be implemented to deal with minor/major crises in the future? Which innovative practices emerged and were effective in dealing with the crisis impacting organizational sustainability? How the level of impact of the crisis on various stakeholders can be assessed for improving the tourism recovery process? How to assess demand, price services, and communicate benefits in the recovery phase?	Chaos Theory Systems Theory Service Recovery Crisis in Tourism and Hospitality
3	Managing change in the tourism industry: Change, resilience, and, transformation	Change management	How did tourism organizations respond to deal with sudden changes? How the leaders (CEO, top management) in the industry communicated change with stakeholders (customers, employees, community, and business partners)? What models can be developed to manage and communicate the change process during the crisis? How effective change management can lead to effective business strategy and competitive advantage?	Nudge Theory Design Thinking Signaling Theory
		Resilience and transformation	Which factors make organizations, destinations, and communities resilient? What are the characteristics of resilient organizations? How mindfulness of tourists and organizations can promote transformation in the industry? Is there a possibility to create a new type of tourism that can be inclusive, sustainable, and meaningful?	Resilience Theory Mindfulness Theory
4	Impact of COVID-19 on stakeholders in the hotel and tourism industry	Effect of COVID-19 on the relationship between tourism organizations and employees	What is the impact of an organization's policies and activities during a pandemic on its employees' performance, emotions, and welfare? How employee welfare and well-being can be promoted by devising policies to deal with unexpected changes/crises? How to train and motivate employees to deliver unique experiences to customers while ensuring their safety and well-being? What is the effect of corporate social responsibility on employee performance and organizational identification?	Transformative Service Research Organizational Identification Theory
		Impact of COVID-19 on vulnerable groups in the tourism industry	What should be the role of the government, tourists' organizations, and policymakers in ensuring the survival and welfare of vulnerable groups in the tourism industry? How the informal economy and its workers can be benefited during the pandemic and recovery phase by government welfare schemes and grants? What policies can be designed to protect minorities, local communities, micro-entrepreneurs, contract workers from the shock of crisis? How their labor can be recognized and rewarded appropriately?	Transformative Service Research Value Co-Creation Bottom of Pyramid