Table 2.
Trends in Glioma Incidence Rates a (1975-2018): the SEER-9 registry database.
| Characteristic | Overall (1975-2018) | Trends b | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |||||||||||||
| APC (95%CI) | P Value | Year | APC (95%CI) | P Value | Year | APC (96%CI) | P Value | Year | APC (97%CI) | P Value | Year | APC (98%CI) | P Value | Year | APC (98%CI) | P Value | |
| Overall | 0.0 (-0.2 to 0.1) | 0.581 | 1975-1987 | 1.8 (1.3 to 2.3) | <.001 | 1987-2018 | -0.4 (-0.5 to -0.3) | <.001 | |||||||||
| Sex | |||||||||||||||||
| Male | -0.1 (-0.2 to 0.0) | 0.205 | 1975-1987 | 1.6 (0.9 to 2.3) | <.001 | 1987-2018 | -0.4 (-0.6 to -0.3) | <.001 | |||||||||
| Female | 0.0 (-0.2 to 0.2) | 0.988 | 1975-1986 | 2.1 (1.3 to 3.0) | <.001 | 1986-2013 | -0.3 (-0.4 to -0.1) | 0.007 | 2013-2018 | -1.8 (-3.8 to 0.3) | 0.090 | ||||||
| Race | |||||||||||||||||
| White | 0.1 (0.0 to 0.3) | 0.034 | 1975-1987 | 1.9 (1.4 to 2.5) | <.001 | 1987-2018 | -0.2 (-0.3 to -0.1) | 0.001 | |||||||||
| Black | 0.0 (-0.3 to 0.3) | 0.825 | |||||||||||||||
| Other c | 0.3 (0.0 to 0.6) | 0.041 | 1975-1995 | 2.0 (1.0 to 3.1) | <.001 | 1995-2018 | -0.5 (-0.9 to 0.0) | 0.054 | |||||||||
| Age at Diagnosis, y | |||||||||||||||||
| <20 | 0.4 (0.1 to 0.8) | 0.014 | 1975-1988 | 2.9 (0.9 to 4.9) | 0.005 | 1988-2018 | -0.2 (-0.7 to 0.3) | 0.477 | |||||||||
| 20-39 | 0.1 (-0.2 to 0.3) | 0.662 | 1975-1986 | 1.9 (0.0 to 3.8) | 0.047 | 1986-2018 | -0.2 (-0.6 to 0.1) | 0.127 | |||||||||
| 40-59 | -0.6 (-0.7 to -0.5) | <.001 | 1975-1981 | 2.0 (-0.7 to 4.8) | 0.145 | 1981-2018 | -0.7 (-0.9 to -0.6) | <.001 | |||||||||
| 60-79 | -0.1 (-0.2 to 0.1) | 0.444 | 1975-1987 | 1.9 (1.1 to 2.8) | <.001 | 1987-2018 | -0.4 (-0.6 to -0.3) | <.001 | |||||||||
| ≥80 | 1.4 (1.0 to 1.8) | <.001 | 1975-1985 | 9.0 (4.2 to 14.0) | <.001 | 1985-2018 | 0.8 (0.4 to 1.2) | <.001 | |||||||||
| Median Household Income (1990-2018) | |||||||||||||||||
| <75000 | -0.3 (-0.5 to -0.2) | <.001 | |||||||||||||||
| ≥75000 | -0.4 (-0.5 to -0.2) | <.001 | |||||||||||||||
| Rural-Urban (1990-2018) | |||||||||||||||||
| Urban | -0.5 (-0.6 to -0.3) | <.001 | |||||||||||||||
| Rural | -0.4 (-0.7 to 0.0) | 0.031 | |||||||||||||||
| Histologic Type | |||||||||||||||||
| Glioblastoma | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.0) | <.001 | 1975-1978 | -11.9 (-18.9 to -4.3) | 0.004 | 1978-1992 | 2.9 (2.1 to 3.8) | <.001 | 1992-2018 | 0.2 (0.0 to 0.5) | 0.038 | ||||||
| Non-glioblastoma astrocytoma | -2.0 (-2.4 to -1.6) | <.001 | 1975-1977 | 49.8 (23.3 to 82.0) | <.001 | 1977-1987 | 1.1 (-0.2 to 2.3) | 0.092 | 1987-1998 | -5.8 (-6.8 to -4.7) | <.001 | 1998-2018 | -0.5 (-0.9 to -0.1) | 0.024 | |||
| Oligodendroglial tumors | 1.1 (0.2 to 2.1) | 0.020 | 1975-1999 | 6.1 (5.3 to 6.8) | <.001 | 1999-2012 | -2.9 (-4.2 to -1.7) | <.001 | 2012-2018 | -8.3 (-12.4 to -4.1) | <.001 | ||||||
| Ependymoma | 0.7 (0.3 to 1.1) | 0.001 | |||||||||||||||
| Glioma, NOS | -0.3 (-0.6 to -0.0) | 0.057 | 1975-1988 | 1.5 (-0.1 to 3.1) | 0.063 | 1988-1991 | -10.8 (-33.0 to 18.9) | 0.427 | 1991-2018 | 0.6 (0.1 to 1.1) | 0.016 | ||||||
| WHO Grade | |||||||||||||||||
| I | NR d | ||||||||||||||||
| II | -2.1 (-2.4 to -1.7) | <.001 | 1975-1977 | 42.1 (18.6 to 70.2) | <.001 | 1977-1987 | 0.6 (-0.6 to 1.8) | 0.353 | 1987-1992 | -6.3 (-10.1 to -2.2) | 0.004 | 1992-2011 | -1.7 (-2.1 to -1.2) | <.001 | 2011-2018 | -5.7 (-7.7 to -3.6) | <.001 |
| III | 2.2 (1.5 to 2.9) | <.001 | 1975-1990 | 12.1 (8.9 to 15.4) | <.001 | 1990-2008 | -0.4 (-1.7 to 1.0) | 0.594 | 2008-2018 | 3.5 (0.9 to 6.2) | 0.009 | ||||||
| IV | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.0) | <.001 | 1975-1978 | -11.9 (-18.9 to -4.3) | 0.004 | 1978-1992 | 2.9 (2.1 to 3.8) | <.001 | 1992-2018 | 0.2 (0.0 to 0.5) | 0.038 | ||||||
| Unknown | -0.2 (-0.5 to 0.1) | 0.125 | 1975-1988 | 1.4 (-0.2 to 3.0) | 0.076 | 1988-1991 | -9.9 (-31.9 to 19.3) | 0.458 | 1991-2018 | 0.6 (0.1 to 1.1) | 0.014 | ||||||
| Glioblastoma | |||||||||||||||||
| Tumor Extension (1983-2015) | |||||||||||||||||
| Localized | 1.0 (0.8 to 1.2) | <.001 | 1983-2005 | 1.4 (1.0 to 1.8) | <.001 | 2005-2015 | -0.1 (-1.0 to 0.9) | 0.857 | |||||||||
| Regional | 1.5 (1.0 to 2.0) | <.001 | 1983-1991 | 7.4 (2.8 to 12.2) | 0.002 | 1991-2015 | 0.7 (0.1 to 1.3) | 0.020 | |||||||||
| Distant | NR d | ||||||||||||||||
| Unknown | -3.3 (-4.2 to -2.3) | <.001 | 1983-1993 | 3.9 (0.5 to 7.4) | 0.027 | 1993-2008 | -7.5 (-9.6 to -5.4) | <.001 | 2008-2015 | 5.0 (-2.0 to 12.6) | 0.158 | ||||||
| Tumor size, cm (1983-2018) | |||||||||||||||||
| ≤3.0 | 2.6 (2.0 to 3.1) | <.001 | 1983-1992 | 9.3 (4.6 to 14.2) | <.001 | 1992-2018 | 1.8 (1.3 to 2.4) | <.001 | |||||||||
| >3.0 to ≤5.0 | 2.8 (2.2 to 3.4) | <.001 | 1983-1991 | 14.0 (10.1 to 18.1) | <.001 | 1991-2006 | 3.4 (2.5 to 4.3) | <.001 | 2006-2018 | 0.1 (-0.8 to 1.0) | 0.803 | ||||||
| >5.0 | 4.3 (3.6 to 5.0) | <.001 | 1983-2007 | 6.7 (6.1 to 7.4) | <.001 | 2007-2018 | 0.1 (-1.0 to 1.2) | 0.805 | |||||||||
| Unknown | -4.3 (-4.8 to -3.9) | <.001 | 1983-1992 | -0.7 (-3.2 to 1.8) | 0.566 | 1992-2018 | -5.3 (-5.9 to -4.6) | <.001 | |||||||||
a
Rates were calculated as number of cases or deaths per 100,000 person-years and age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population.
b
Each segment was defined by the joinpoint program when a statistically significant change in the APC occurred.
c
Includes American Indian/Alaskan Native and Asian/Pacific Islander.
d
APC could not be calculated because there were 0 case in one or more years.
SEER, Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results; APC, annual percent change; NOS, Not otherwise specified; WHO, World Health Organization.