Table 4.

Age-Sex-specific incidence rate (IR) (person per 100 person-years) for different associated factors of pre-diabetes and undiagnosed and diagnosed diabetes, community-based cohort study (KERCADRS) 1st and 2nd Phases (n = 2,820 match cases), Kerman, Iran, phase 1, 2009–2011 and phase 2, 2014–2018.

Subgroups	Pre-DM			DM (Diagnosed and Undiagnosed)
	Number of pre-DM	Person-years	IR of pre-DM (95% CI)	Number of DM	Person-years	IR of DM (95% CI)
Overall	144	9331.66	1.5 (1.3–1.8)	160	12544.66	1.2 (1.0–1.4)
Sex
Male	77	4107.39	1.8 (1.4–2.3)	58	5836.71	0.9 (0.7–1.2)
Female	67	5224.27	1.2 (0.9–1.6)	102	6707.94	1.5 (1.2–1.8)
Age group (year)
15–24	5	423.79	1.1 (0.3–2.7)	–	–	–
25–34	19	1737.43	1.0 (0.6–1.7)	9	1737.43	0.5 (0.2–0.9)
35–44	15	2003.51	0.7 (0.4–1.2)	14	2482.52	0.5 (0.3–0.9)
45–54	36	2041.10	1.7 (1.2–2.4)	49	2794.90	1.7 (1.2–2.3)
55–64	32	1784.49	1.7 (1.2–2.5)	42	2652.01	1.5 (1.1–2.1)
65–74	23	905.17	2.5 (1.6–3.7)	33	1512.24	2.1 (1.5–3.0)
75	14	414.72	1.4 (0.5–3.1)	13	639.86	2.0 (1.0–3.4)
Current cigarette smoker
No	128	8442.14	1.5 (1.2–1.8)	149	11302.01	1.3 (1.1–1.5)
Yes	16	889.52	1.7 (1.0–2.9)	11	1242.65	0.8 (0.4–1.5)
Opium use
No	114	7970.78	1.4 (1.1–1.7)	135	10514.68	1.2 (1.0–1.5)
Occasional	25	1097.32	2.2 (1.4–3.3)	23	1684.75	1.3 (0.8–2.0)
Dependent	5	263.57	1.8 (0.6–4.3)	2	81.67	2.4 (0.2–8.5)
Depression
No	91	6011.18	1.5 (1.2–1.8)	94	8132.77	1.1 (0.9–1.4)
Yes	53	3320.48	1.5 (1.1–2.0)	66	4406.83	1.4 (1.1–1.9)
Anxiety
No	34	2265.93	1.5 (1.0–2.0)	41	3136.04	1.3 (0.9–1.7)
Yes	110	7065.73	1.5 (1.2–1.8)	119	9408.62	1.2 (1.0–1.5)
Body mass index
Normal	54	4466.82	1.2 (0.9–1.5)	29	5546.90	0.5 (0.3–0.7)
Overweight	57	3162.85	1.8 (1.3–2.3)	76	4625.92	1.6 (1.2–2.0)
Obese	31	1643.50	1.8 (1.2–2.6)	55	2300.91	2.3 (1.8–3.1)
Physical activity
Low	68	3913.81	1.7 (1.3–2.1)	83	5300.95	1.5 (1.2–1.9)
Moderate	65	4553.11	1.4 (1.1–1.8)	69	6076.65	1.1 (0.8–1.4)
High	11	864.74	1.2 (0.6–2.2)	8	1167.06	0.6 (0.2–1.3)

CI, confidence interval; IR, incidence rate; DM, diabetes mellitus; pre-DM, pre-diabetes.