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. 2021 Nov 15;6:386. doi: 10.1038/s41392-021-00780-4

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — KRAS-mediated immune escape in tumour microenvironment. KRAS mediates immune escape in the tumour macroenvironment by upregulating PD-L1expression, downregulating MHC1expression of tumour cells, and enhancing the secretion of a variety of cytokines and chemokines to recruit immunosuppressive immune cells. The black arrow represents facilitation, and the opposite red arrow represents inhibition. MDSCs: myeloid-derived suppressor cells; Treg cells: regulatory T cells; IL-10: interleukin-10; TGF-β: transforming growth factor-β; GM-CSF: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; IL-23: interleukin-23