TABLE 1.
Examples of medical information databases and life science databases.
| Type | Characteristics | Name | Website link | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spontaneous Adverse Event Reports database | A database that compiles reports of adverse events that occur when a drug is administered to a patient. These databases cataloging the adverse event reports are the most widely used databases for drug repositioning because they can be used to investigate drug-specific adverse events and estimate new drug effects | JADER | https://www.pmda.go.jp/index.html | Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, (2021) |
| FAERS | https://www.fda.gov/drugs/questions-and-answers-fdas-adverse-event-reporting-system-faers/fda-adverse-event-reporting-system-faers-public-dashboard | FAERS, (2021) | ||
| Vigibase | https://www.who-umc.org/ | Uppsala Monitoring Center, (2021) | ||
| National sick funds and insurances database | Claims database by National sick funds and insurances is suitable for cohort studies and epidemiological surveys that are conducted over time | NDB | https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/seisakunitsuite/bunya/0000177182.html | Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare, (2021) |
| JMDC Claims database | https://www.jmdc.co.jp/news/news20200910/ | JMDC, (2021) | ||
| Gene database | Gene databases can be used to comprehensively examine the genetic information generated by diseases and drugs in the tissues and cells of humans and mice and can be used to elucidate mechanisms of action | GEO | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/ | NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus, (2021) |
| LINCS | https://lincsproject.org/ | NIH LINCS PROGRAM, (2021) | ||
| TargetMine | https://targetmine.mizuguchilab.org/ja/ | TargetMine, (2021) | ||
| Open Targets Platform | https://platform-docs.opentargets.org/ | Open Targets Platform, (2021) | ||
| Biobanks | Detailed information on blood, pathology, patient information, etc., can be obtained. Suitable for longitudinal or epidemiological DNA analysis | United Kingdom Biobank | https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/ | UK Biobank, 2021 |
| All of Us | https://allofus.nih.gov/funding-and-program-partners/biobank | All of US Research program, (2016) | ||
| China Kadoorie Biobank | https://www.ckbiobank.org/site/ | China Kadoorie Biobank, (2021) | ||
| Taiwan Biobank | https://www.twbiobank.org.tw/new_web_en/ | Taiwan Biobank, (2019) | ||
| BioBank Japan, National Center Biobank Network, etc. | https://biobankjp.org/https://www.megabank.tohoku.ac.jp/english/sample/https://ncbiobank.org/ | Biobank Japan, (2021); Eastern Medical Megabank, (2020); National Center Biobank, (2021) |
JADER, Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database; FAERS, FDA Adverse Events Reporting System; JMDC Claims database, Japan Medical Data Center Claims database; NDB, the National database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan; GEO, Gene Expression Omnibus; LINCS, Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures Data Portal.