Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants by intervention.
| Characteristic | Betahistine group | Placebo group | p-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 45) | (n = 44) | ||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 47.40 (8.24) | 47.02 (9.58) | 0.925 |
| Male, no. (%) | 27 (60.00) | 27 (61.36) | 0.89 |
| Education, mean (SD), y | 12.96 (2.77) | 12.93 (3.74) | 0.97 |
| Diagnosis (p/u/r), (n) | 11/32/2 | 10/33/1 | 0.83 |
| Course of illness, mean (SD), y | 23.40 (10.58) | 23.02 (11.06) | 0.87 |
| Course of treatment, mean (SD), y | 21.08 (10.58) | 19.86 (12.05) | 0.61 |
| Smoking status (Y/N) | 14/31 | 11/33 | 0.52 |
| Years of smoking, mean (SD), y | 15.14 (9.62) | 20.91 (8.32) | 0.13 |
| Daily number of cigarettes, mean (SD), n | 17.86 (13.96) | 18.00 (15.07) | 0.98 |
| CPZ equivalent dose, mean (SD), (mg/d) | 350.06 (128.06) | 303.98 (177.71) | 0.16 |
| Anticholinergic agent (Y/N) | 11/34 | 7/37 | 0.32 |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 25.33 (3.43) | 25.26 (4.87) | 0.94 |
| Waistline, mean (SD), cm | 93.53 (9.20) | 92.10 (15.32) | 0.87 |
| Hipline, mean (SD), cm | 99.24 (7.35) | 99.42 (11.66) | 0.81 |
a
The p-value was determined using either the two-sample t-test or the chi-square independent test. BMI, body mass index; SD, standard deviation; p, paranoid schizophrenia; r, residual schizophrenia; u, undifferentiated schizophrenia; CPZ, chlorpromazine.