TABLE 4.

Total, direct and indirect effects of autistic traits (SRS) and ADHD symptoms (C3) on depression (CES-DC), pain interference (PII), and HRQoL (PedsQL), using insomnia (ISI) as mediator with adjustment for age, gender, and level of pain intensity (LPQ) (n = 146).

Mediator: ISI						Indirect effecta
X	Y	a path coefficient	b path coefficient	Total effect (c)	Direct effect (c′)	Effect (SE)	CI (99%)
							LLCI	ULCI
C3	CES-DC	0.102*	1.053**	0.340**	0.233**	0.108** (0.043)	0.005	0.230
	PII	0.102*	0.733**	−0.227**	0.152**	0.075** (0.030)	0.006	0.167
	PedsQL	0.102*	1.718**	−0.494**	−0.318**	–0.176** (0.067)	–0.364	–0.014
SRS	CES-DC	0.070	1.090**	0.432**	0.356**	0.076 (0.052)	–0.057	0.228
	PII	0.070	0.757**	0.290**	0.237**	0.053 (0.036)	–0.048	0.149
	PedsQL	0.070	−1.769**	−0.602**	−0.478**	–0.123 (0.085)	–0.354	0.097

Number of bootstrap resamples = 5000; Covariates in all analyses: age, gender, pain intensity; LLCI/ULCI, Lower/Upper Level Confidence Interval; C3, Conners 3; SRS, The Social Responsiveness Scale; PII, Pain Interference Index; CES-DC, Center for Epidemiological Studies – Depression Scale Children; PedsQL, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory.

^aThe indirect effect is statistically significant when the confidence interval (LLCI – ULCI) does not include zero (99% equals p < 0.01 level significance). *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01.