Table 2.
The extraction, purification, monosaccharide, molecular weight and biological activities of Gracilaria lemaneiformis.
| Component | Extraction | Purification | Yield of polysaccharide/total sugar | Yield of sulfurated polysaccharide | Monosaccharide | Molecular weight | Biological activities | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GLP | cold water | dialyze | – | 6.13% | galactose, rhamnose, arabinose, xylose ,mannose(29.64:0.19:0.21:0.59:1.00) | 1.37 × 10 6 Da | anti-tumor | (Fan et al., 2012) |
| GLP | hot water | DEAE-cellulose 52 | – | 11.26% | galactose | 152481 Da | anti-food allergic | (Liu et al., 2016) |
| GLP | hot water | Sephadex LH-20 | – | 7.65% | galactose (56.6%) | – | antioxidant | (Xu et al., 2018) |
| GL-1, GL-2,GL-3 | hot water | DEAE-cellulose-52, sephadex G-100 | – | 0.45%,12.63%,22.16% | – | 4900 Da, 52000 Da, 67000 Da, | anti-influenza virus | (Chen et al., 2010) |
| GLP,GLP1,GLP2, | hot water | dialyze | 98.2%(total sugar) | 8.24%,8.12%,8.14% | – | 121.8 kDa,57.02 kDa,14.29 kDa | hypoglycemic,antioxidant | (Liao et al., 2015) |
| GLP | hot water | – | 34.84 % | 4.80% | galactose | 2.15 × 105Da | prebiotic | (Zhang et al., 2020) |
| GLP | hot water | DEAE-C | – | – | – | – | antitumor, anticancer | (Kang et al., 2016) |
| GLP2 | ultrasonic/microwave-assisted | DEAE-cellulose 52 | – | – | galactose and3,6-anhydrogalactose (1.0:1.5) | 1.57 × 105 Da | wound healing | (Veeraperumal et al., 2020) |
| GLP | water | – | 29.7% | 2.96% | – | – | – | (Li et al., 2008) |
| NaOH | 25.8% | 0.89% | ||||||
| NaOH + sodium hypochlorite | 25.4% | 0.81% | ||||||
| photobleached | 25.4% | 0.76% | ||||||
| GLP | hydrogenperoxide-assisted enzymatic method(EHA) | – | 16.08 % | 3.56 % | – | – | – | (Chen et al., 2020) |
| Alkali(AA) | 13.11 % | 1.8 % | ||||||
| Enzymatic(EA) | 17.79 % | 4.51 % | ||||||
| GLP | citricacid | – | 59.93% (total sugar) | 29.82% | galactose (71.78%) ,glucose (13.48%) | 21055 Da | attenuatingintestinal inflammation | (Han et al., 2020) |
| GLP | citricacid | dialyze | 59.93% (total sugar) | 29.82% | rhamnose, arabinose, fucose, xylose, mannose, glucose, galactose | 21.85 kDa | digestibility and prebiotic | (Han et al., 2020) |
| GLP2 | citric acid | DEAE-Sepharose | 25.55% | 3.06% | xylose (18.12%), mannose (0.33%), glucose (35.17%), galactose (45.84%) | 18501 Da. | immunomodulation | (Ren et al., 2017) |
| GLP | a-amylase | – | 49.15% (total sugar) | – | rhamnose, arabinose, xylose ,mannose | – | antioxidant | (Wu et al., 2017) |
| algal oligosaccharides (AOS) | fermentation | DEAE-cellulose 52, Bio-gel P2 | 7.4% | – | – | – | antioxidant, attenuated alcohol-inducedhepatopathy | (Jin et al., 2017) |
| GLP,P-1,P-2,P-3 | – | DEAE-A25, SephadexG-100 | 93.57% (total sugar) | 9.24%,8.15%,9.16%,8.14% | rhamnose, fucose, arabinose, xylose, mannose,glucose, and galactose | 123.06 kDa,14.29 kDa,64.78 kDa,57.02 kDa, | antitumor, anticancer | (Kang et al., 2017) |