In vitro immune activation and antitumor effect by the HOCl-CDS hydrogel. a Flow cytometry analyses of CD80 and CD86 expression on BMDCs treated with PBS, MELR, HOCl-CDS, or HOCl-CDS hydrogel. LPS served as a positive control. b Statistical analysis of data from a. c The mRNA levels of IFNα, IFNβ, and IL-6 in BMDCs treated with HOCl-CDS hydrogel. d Western blot showing the expression of p-TBK1, TBK1, p-IRF3, IRF3 in murine BMDCs treated with PBS and HOCl-CDS hydrogel for 2 h. e, f Flow cytometry analyses of CD86 and CD206 expression in BMDMs treated with PBS, MELR, HOCl-CDS, or HOCl-CDS hydrogel. g Cytotoxic effects of RADA24 hydrogel, MELR hydrogel and HOCl-CDS hydrogel on B16–F10 cells. The data are presented as means ± SEM (n = 3).