Comparison 17. Azathioprine ± steroids versus no treatment.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
17.1 Death	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
17.2 ESKD (dialysis/transplantation)	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
17.3 Complete or partial remission	1	9	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.28 [0.01, 5.43]
17.4 Complete remission	1	9	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.28 [0.01, 5.43]
17.5 Partial remission	1	9	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Not estimable
17.6 Increase in serum creatinine	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
17.6.1 100% increase in serum creatinine	1	9	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.80 [0.07, 9.18]
17.6.2 50% increase in serum creatinine	1	9	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	4.17 [0.25, 68.16]
17.7 Temporary or permanent discontinuation/hospitalisation due to adverse events	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
17.8 Final serum creatinine	1	9	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐53.10 [‐219.98, 113.78]
17.9 Final GFR [mL/min/1.73 m²]	1	9	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	33.00 [‐19.01, 85.01]
17.10 Final proteinuria	1	9	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	1.10 [‐2.79, 4.99]