Liu 2015e.

Study characteristics
Methods	Study design: parallel, 3‐arm RCT Study duration: treatment duration not reported Duration of follow‐up: 1 year
Participants	Setting: single centre Country: China Inclusion criteria: IMN nephrotic syndrome Baseline characteristics: not reported Number: treatment group 1 (24); treatment group 2 (24); treatment group 3 (24) Mean age ± SD (years): not reported Sex (M/F): not reported Exclusion criteria: not reported
Interventions	Treatment group 1 Glucocorticoid + CPA: dosage, route of administration not reported Treatment group 2 Glucocorticoid + leflunomide: dosage, route of administration not reported Treatment group 3 Glucocorticoid +CPA + leflunomide: dosage, route of administration not reported
Outcomes	Urine protein Safety Complete remission Serum albumin Serum total cholesterol SCr
Notes	Abstract‐only publication Funding source: not reported Insufficient detail in results for outcomes other than complete remission
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Quote: "Randomly divided into three groups"
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	High risk	Many outcomes not reported; abstract‐only publication
Other bias	Unclear risk	No information on potential conflict of interests and funding sources