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Studies investigating the association of heart failure (HF) with incident cancer. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) are shown from studies evaluating the risk of incident cancer among patients with HF. HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. aHR for HFpEF and HFrEF 1.28 (1.06–1.67) and 0.99 (0.78–1.34), respectively. bNumber of participants in each study with HF at risk of developing cancer.
