Table 2.

Literature review describing SVC syndrome after cardiac surgery.

Author	Sex/age	Operation/incident	Diagnostic modality	Symptoms	Disease progression	Outcome
Maggiano et al. 4	Man/70 years	Coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) and aortic valve replacement	Chest radiograph	Dyspnea	Apical pericardial thrombus and a large extrapericardial blood clot causing obstruction of the SVC	Surgical evacuation, patient feeling well
Daniel et al. 5	Woman/5 years	Heart transplantation	Transesophageal echocardiogram	Facial swelling and occasional oxygen desaturations	Thrombus in the SVC	Balloon dilatation of the SVC and thrombolysis, patient feeling well
	Woman/47 years	Heart transplantation	Venography	Right heart failure, hypoxemia	Complete occlusion of the SVC, with nonocclusive thrombus extending into the right brachiocephalic vein to the level of the internal jugular/subclavian confluence	Thrombolysis, patient feeling well
Delgado et al. 6	Woman/56 years	Mitral valve replacement	Cavography	Progressive edema of the head, neck, and upper limbs.	Fixed obstruction at the SVC	Balloon dilatation of the SVC, patient feeling well
	Man/63 years	Mitral valve replacement	Cavography	Hemodynamic deterioration, edema, and cyanosis of the head, chest, and upper limbs.	Extensive venous thrombosis involving the SVC, right jugular, and both subclavian veins	Balloon dilatation of the SVC, patient feeling well