Table 4.

Fasting plasma ghrelin and leptin concentrations at baseline and changes after interventions by group.

Variables	CR (n=12)	CR+SR (n=11)	p value
Ghrelin
Baseline, pg/ml	427 ± 297	406 ± 183	0.84
Δ, pg/ml	59 ± 193	74 ± 120	0.83
% change	16.5 ± 35.7%	26.3 ± 36.8%	0.53
Leptin
Baseline, ng/ml	26.8 ± 19.2	46.3 ± 34.7	0.11
Δ, ng/ml	−5.6 ± 17.1	−12.6 ± 16.4	0.33
% change	−14.5 ± 37.4%	−24.0 ± 26.7%	0.49

Data are mean ± SD. P values are for comparisons between CR and CR+SR groups. Change values were calculated by subtracting baseline from post-intervention values.

CR, caloric restriction; SR, sleep restriction.