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. 2021 Nov 1;12:761084. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.761084

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Copyright © 2021 Lu, Zhang, Khan, Li and Wan.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Antibacterial activity of VBLE-MnO₂ NPs in terms of (A) log₁₀ reduction and (B) % killing efficiency of bacterial strains in comparison with leaves extract of Viola betonicifolia and CH-MnO₂ NPs. (C) Representative images of control and treated S. aureus and K. pneumonia with VBLE-MnO₂.