KEY RESOURCES TABLE
| REAGENT or RESOURCE | SOURCE | IDENTIFIER |
|---|---|---|
| Antibodies | ||
|
| ||
| Goat polyclonal anti-DMC1 | Santa Cruz Biotechnology | Cat# sc-8973, RRID: AB_2091206 Discontinued |
| Mouse monoclonal anti-DMRT1 (SS6) | Santa Cruz Biotechnology | Cat# sc-101024, RRID: AB_2277252 |
| Mouse monoclonal anti-SYCP3 (D-1) | Santa Cruz Biotechnology | sc-74569, RRID: AB_2197353 |
| Rabbit polyclonal anti-STRA8 | Abcam | Cat# ab49602, RRID: AB_945678 |
| Rabbit polyclonal anti-HORMAD1 | GeneTex | Cat# GTX119236, RRID: AB_11178755 |
| Rabbit monoclonal anti-Phospho-Histone H2A.X (20E3) | Cell Signaling Technology | Cat# 9718, RRID: AB_2118009 |
| Rabbit polyclonal anti-REC8 | This paper | N/A |
|
| ||
| Biological samples | ||
|
| ||
| Human testicular biopsy from cancer patient (Normal adjacent tissue) | Folio Biosciences now Discovery Life Sciences biospecimen bank | https://www.dls.com |
| Human testis | Deidentified deceased donor – Washington Regional Transplant Community | https://www.beadonor.org/ |
|
| ||
| Chemicals, peptides, and recombinant proteins | ||
|
| ||
| 2-mercaptoethanol | Sigma-Aldrich | Cat# M6250 |
| Acetic acid | Mallinckrodt | Cat# 2504 |
| Agarose | Invitrogen | Cat# 16500500 |
| AMPure XP beads | Beckman Coulter | Cat# A63881 |
| ATP solution 100 mM | Thermo Fisher Scientific | Cat# R0441 |
| Chloroform-isoamyl alcohol mixture (24:1) | Sigma-Aldrich | Cat# C0549 |
| cOmplete Mini Protease Inhibitor Cocktail | Roche | Cat# 11836153001 |
| DAPI | Sigma-Aldrich | Cat# D8417 |
| DNA Polymerase I Large (Klenow) Fragment | New England Biolabs | Cat# M0210 |
| Dynabeads Protein G | Thermo Fisher Scientific | Cat# 10004D |
| EDTA 0.5 | KD Medical | Cat# RGF3130 |
| EGTA | Sigma-Aldrich | Cat# E3889 |
| Glycine | MP Biomedicals | Cat# 808822 |
| Guanidinium thiocyanate | Sigma-Aldrich | Cat# G9277 |
| HCl | Mallinckrodt | Cat# H613 |
| IGEPAL-CA630 | Sigma-Aldrich | Cat# 18896 |
| Klenow fragment (exo-) | New England Biolabs | Cat# M0212 |
| KOH | Sigma-Aldrich | Cat# 5958 |
| Lambda Exonuclease | Thermo Fisher Scientific | Cat# EN0561 |
| LiCl 8M | Sigma-Aldrich | Cat# L7026 |
| NaCl 5M | KD Medical | Cat# RGF3270 |
| NaHCO3 | Sigma | Cat# S5761 |
| NaOH | Mallinckrodt | Cat# 7708 |
| Paraformaldehyde | Sigma-Aldrich | Cat# P6148 |
| Phenol-chloroform-isoamyl alcohol mixture (25:24:1) | Sigma-Aldrich | Cat# 77617 |
| Polynucleotide Kinase | Thermo Fisher Scientific | Cat# EK0031 |
| Proteinase K | New England Biolabs | Cat# P8107S |
| Quick ligation kit | New England Biolabs | Cat# M2200 |
| RNase Inhibitor, Murine | New England Biolabs | Cat# M0314 |
| RNaseA/T1 | Thermo Fisher Scientific | Cat# EN0551 |
| RNaseI | Lucigen | Cat# N6901K |
| Sarkosyl | Sigma-Aldrich | Cat# 61747 |
| SDS 10% | KD Medical | Cat# RGE3230 |
| Sodium Acetate pH = 5.2 3M | Cellgro | Cat# 46033CI |
| Sodium citrate | Mallinckrodt | Cat# 0754–12 |
| Sodium deoxycholate | monohydrate Sigma-Aldrich | Cat# D5670 |
| Sucrose | MP Biomedicals | Catt# 152584 |
| T4 DNA Ligase Reaction Buffer | New England Biolabs | Cat# B0202 |
| T4 DNA polymerase – SSDS library prep | New England Biolabs | Cat# M0203 |
| Tris pH = 8.0 1M | KD Medical | Cat# RGF3360 |
| Triton X-100 | Sigma-Aldrich | Cat# T9284 |
|
| ||
| Critical commercial assays | ||
|
| ||
| DNAzol | Thermo Fisher Scientific | Cat# 10503027 |
| Qiaquick PCR purification kit | QIAGEN | Cat# 28104 |
| MinElute PCR purification kit | QIAGEN | Cat# 28004 |
| Chromaspin TE-1000 | Takara | Cat# 636079 |
| Qubit dsDNA HS Assay Kit | Thermo Fisher Scientific | Cat# Q32851 |
| Click-iT EdU Alexa Fluor 488 Flow Cytometry Assay Kit | Invitrogen | Cat# C10420 |
| TruSeq Nano DNA Low Throughput Library Prep Kit | Illumina | Cat# 20015964 |
| KAPA HiFi HotStart Library Amplification Kit | Roche | Kit Code KK2620 Cat# 07958978001 |
| KAPA Hyper Prep Kit | Roche | Kit Code KK8502 Cat# 07962347001 |
|
| ||
| Deposited data | ||
|
| ||
| ATAC-Seq in mouse differentiated cKIT+ spermatogonia | Maezawa et al., 2018 | SRA:SRR5956508 |
| ATAC-Seq in mouse embryonic stem cells | GEO: GSE113428 | SRA:SRR7048437,SRR7048438 |
| ATAC-Seq in mouse embryonic stem cells at 6 Days | GEO: GSE113428 | SRA:SRR7048433,SRR7048434 |
| ATAC-Seq in mouse hepatocytes | Li et al., 2019 | SRA:SRR6813698,SRR6813699 |
| ATAC-Seq in mouse hindlimb muscle cells E14.5 | Castro et al., 2019 | SRA:SRR8104383,SRR8104391 |
| ATAC-Seq in mouse mouse embryonic fibroblasts | GEO: GSE113428 | SRA:SRR7048429, SRR7048430 |
| ATAC-Seq in mouse pachytene spermatocytes | Maezawa et al., 2018 | SRA:SRR5956512 |
| ATAC-Seq in mouse undifferentiated THY+ spermatogonia | Maezawa et al., 2018 | SRA:SRR5956504 |
| Crossover and non-crossover data for mouse | Li et al., 2019 | https://idp.nature.com/authorize?response_type=cookie&client_id=grover&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fs41467-019-11675-y |
| Data from this study | This study | GEO:GSE148327 |
| DMC1-SSDS in B10.F-H2pb1/(13R)J (13R) mice | Smagulova et al., 2016 | GEO:GSM1954833 |
| DMC1-SSDS in C57BL6 mice (Rep T1) | Brick et al., 2018 | GEO:GSM2664275 |
| DMC1-SSDS in C57BL6 mice (Rep T2) | Brick et al., 2018 | GEO:GSM2664276 |
| DMC1-SSDS in C57BL6 mice with humanized PRDM9 allele | Davies et al., 2016 | GEO:GSM2049306 |
| DMC1-SSDS in C57BL6 × castaneus F1 hybrid mice | Smagulova et al., 2016 | GEO:GSM1954839 |
| DMC1-SSDS in C57BL6 × castaneus F1 hybrid mice | Davies et al., 2016 | GEO:GSM2049312 |
| DMC1-SSDS in castaneus mice | Smagulova et al., 2016 | GEO:GSM1954846 |
| DMC1-SSDS in Hop2−/− mice | Brick et al., 2018 | GEO:GSM3136743 |
| DMC1-SSDS in Prdm9−/− mice | Brick et al., 2018 | GEO:GSM2664291 |
| DMC1-SSDS in testis of PRDM9A homozygous human male (AA1) | Pratto et al., 2014 | SRA:SRR1528821 |
| DMC1-SSDS in testis of PRDM9A homozygous human male (AA2) | Pratto et al., 2014 | SRA:SRR1528831 |
| H3K4me3 ChIP-Seq in 12 dpp C57BL6 mice | Baker et al., 2014 | GEO:GSM1273023 |
| H3K4me3 ChIP-Seq in C57BL6 mice with humanized PRDM9 allele | Davies et al., 2016 | GEO:GSM1904284 |
| H3K4me3 ChIP-Seq in C57BL6 × castaneus F1 hybrid mice | Baker et al., 2015 | GEO:GSE60906 |
| Hi-C data from Zygonema | Patel et al., 2019 | GEO:GSE122622 |
| Input-SSDS in C57BL6 mice | Brick et al., 2018 | GEO:GSM2664289 |
| Input-SSDS in testis of PRDM9A homozygous human male (AA1) | Pratto et al., 2014 | SRA:SRR1528822 |
| Input-SSDS in testis of PRDM9A homozygous human male (AA2) | Pratto et al., 2014 | SRA:SRR1528832 |
| Okazaki-fragment sequencing in mouse ESCs | Petryk et al., 2018 | SRA:SRR7535256 |
| PRDM9 Affinity-Seq data | Walker et al., 2015 | GEO:GSE61613 |
| Processed data at DMC1-SSDS hotspots in C57BL6 mice | Brick et al., 2018 | https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41586-018-0492-5/MediaObjects/41586_2018_492_MOESM3_ESM.zip |
| Processed RT data from Human CyT49 Liver cells | Zimmerman and Gilbert, 2018 | ID: Int81158282; https://www2.replicationdomain.com/ |
| Processed RT data from Human FM01–154-001 Myoblast cells | Zimmerman and Gilbert, 2018 | ID: Int58331187 ; https://www2.replicationdomain.com/ |
| Processed RT data from Human GM06990 Lymphoblastoid cells | Zimmerman and Gilbert, 2018 | ID: Ext54054609; https://www2.replicationdomain.com/ |
| Processed RT data from Human H7 ES Cells | Zimmerman and Gilbert, 2018 | ID: Ext35479608; https://www2.replicationdomain.com/ |
| Processed RT data from human RPE1 cells | Takahashi et al., 2019 | GEO:GSM2904948 |
| Processed RT data from Human U2OS Bone epithelial cells | Zimmerman and Gilbert, 2018 | ID: Int66343918 ; https://www2.replicationdomain.com/ |
| Processed RT data from Mouse J185a Myoblast cells | Zimmerman and Gilbert, 2018; Hiratani et al., 2010 | ID: Int61896107; https://www2.replicationdomain.com/ |
| Processed RT data from Mouse L1210 Lymphoblastoid cells | Zimmerman and Gilbert, 2018; Hiratani et al., 2010 | ID: Ext49892535; https://www2.replicationdomain.com/ |
| SNS-Seq coverage in mouse ESCs (Almeida) | Almeida et al., 2018 | GEO:GSE99741 |
| SNS-Seq coverage in mouse ESCs (rep 1) | Cayrou et al., 2015 | GEO:GSM1668878 |
| SNS-Seq coverage in mouse ESCs (rep 2) | Cayrou et al., 2015 | GEO:GSM1668879 |
| SNS-Seq coverage in mouse ESCs (rep 3) | Cayrou et al., 2015 | GEO:GSM1668880 |
| SNS-Seq in human HELA cells | Long et al., 2020 | GEO:GSE134988 |
| SNS-Seq peaks and initiation zones in mouse ESCs | Cayrou et al., 2015 | GEO:GSE68347 |
| Spo11-oligo mapping data in mouse | Lange et al., 2016 | GEO:GSM2247727 |
| WGS in activated mouse B cells | Tubbs et al., 2018 | GEO:GSM3227969 |
| WGS in CD8+ T cells cells (S-phase) | Yehuda et al., 2018 | SRA:SRR7249814,SRR7249815,SRR7249816 |
| WGS in mouse E14 ES-Cells (S-phase) | Dey et al., 2015 | SRA:SRR1639635 |
| WGS in mouse primordial germ cells (S-phase) | Yehuda et al., 2018 | SRA:SRR6638995,SRR6638997,SRR6638999,SRR6639001,SRR6639003 |
| WGS in mouse spermatogonial stem cells (S-phase) | Yehuda et al., 2018 | SRA:SRR6639005,SRR6639007,SRR6639009 |
| WGS in non-replicating mouse B Cells | Tubbs et al., 2018 | GEO:GSM3227968 |
| WGS in non-replicating mouse primordial germ cells | Yehuda et al., 2018 | SRA:SRR6639002 |
| Crossovers in B6xCAST mice | Yin et al., 2019 | SRA: PRJNA511715 |
|
| ||
| Experimental models: Cell lines | ||
|
| ||
| Mouse: Passage 10 129X1/SvJ-PRX-129X1 #1 mES cells | The Jackson Laboratory | RRID: CVCL_2H79 |
|
| ||
| Experimental models: Organisms/strains | ||
|
| ||
| Mouse: C57BL/6J | The Jackson Laboratory | JAX: 000664 |
| Mouse: CAST/Eij | The Jackson Laboratory | JAX: 000928 |
| Mouse: Spo11−/− in C57BL/6J | This paper | N/A |
|
| ||
| Oligonucleotides | ||
|
| ||
| Guide RNA: Upstream spo11: TAGAGCGCGGAAAGGTTCGC | This paper | N/A |
| Guide RNA: Downstream spo11: CGAACCTTGAGAGGTTGCGA | This paper | N/A |
| Primer: Spo11NullF: CCTCCCTGAAGGGTAGTGTG | This paper | N/A |
| Primer: Spo11NullR: GAACGGAGCAGAAGAAGACG | This paper | N/A |
| Primer: Spo11Ex4R: CTCCCGGTGCTGAAATTAAA | This paper | N/A |
|
| ||
| Recombinant DNA | ||
|
| ||
| Plasmid: pSpCas9(BB)-2A-Puro (PX459) | Ran et al., 2013 | Addgene Plasmid #48139 |
|
| ||
| Software and algorithms | ||
|
| ||
| BEDtools v.2.27.1 | Quinlan and Hall, 2010 | https://github.com/arq5x/bedtools2 |
| BWA 0.7.12 | Li, 2013 | https://sourceforge.net/projects/biobwa/files/bwa-0.7.12.tar.bz2/download |
| DeepTools v.3.0.1 | Ramírez et al., 2014 | https://github.com/deeptools/deepTools |
| Juicer v.1.19.02 | Durand et al., 2016) | https://github.com/aidenlab/juicer |
| MACS v.2.1.2.1 | Zhang et al., 2008 | https://github.com/macs3-project/MACS |
| Nextflow v.20.01.0 | Di Tommaso et al., 2017 | https://github.com/nextflow-io/nextflow/releases |
| Picard v.2.9.2 | Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 2018 | https://broadinstitute.github.io/picard/ |
| R v.3.6.0 | R Core Team, 2014 | https://www.r-project.org/ |
| SAMtools v.1.9 | Li et al., 2009 | http://samtools.github.io/ |
| SRA toolkit v.2.9.2 | Leinonen et al., 2011 | https://github.com/ncbi/sra-tools |
| UCSC toolkit v.396 | Kent et al., 2010 | https://github.com/ucscGenomeBrowser/kent |
| Analytical pipeline | This paper | https://zenodo.org/record/4634002 |
| RT-Seq pipeline | This paper | https://zenodo.org/record/4634128 |
| RT-Sim | This paper | https://zenodo.org/record/4634128 |