Fig. 6.

The underlying mechanisms by which BHD protects against diabetic nephropathy in vivo. A Western blot and quantitative analysis of phosphorylated Smad3, p65, Smad7 and Arkadia. B Immunohistochemical staining and quantitative analysis of phosphorylated Smad3 and p65 nuclear translocation in different groups. Scale bar: 50 µm. DM, diabetes mellitus. Data represent the means  ±  SEM for groups of six animals. *P  <  0.05, **P  <  0.01, ***P  <  0.001 versus normal mice. ^#P  <  0.05, ^##P  <  0.01, ^###P  <  0.001 versus DM mice