Table 3.
Adjusted logistic regression analyses of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors associated with adiposity measures among 10–15 years old adolescents
| Independent (Predictor) Variables |
Girls (n = 378) | Boys (n = 394) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMI z scores > 1 (n = 136) OR (95% CI) |
WHtR > 0.5 (n = 174) OR (95% CI) |
BMI z scores > 1 (n = 160) OR (95% CI) |
WHtR > 0.5 (n = 152) OR (95% CI) |
|
| Demographic characteristics | ||||
| Age (Ref: 10–12 years) | 1.01 (0.92–1.08) | 1.54 (1.31–1.76) ** | 1.11 (1.03–1.22) * | 0.88 (0.82–0.96) * |
| Mother’ education (Ref: < 12th Pass) | 0.88 (0.79–0.95) * | 1.24 (1.13–1.36) * | 0.92 (0.88–1.05) | 0.95 (0.87–1.02) |
| Mother’ occupation (Ref: Unemployed) | 1.03 (0.99–1.11) | 1.12 (1.03–1.28) * | 1.03 (0.95–1.16) | 1.10 (1.04–1.23) * |
| Family income (Ref: < 30,000 INR) | 1.22 (0.92–1.30) | 1.48 (0.82–2.24) | 1.18 (1.03–1.29) * | 0.99 (0.93–1.08) |
| Type of School Attended (Ref: Public) | 1.08 (1.02–1.14) * | 2.02 (1.92–2.13) ** | 1.28 (1.21–1.35) * | 1.63 (1.04–1.99) * |
| Lifestyle behaviors a | ||||
| Moderate to vigorous PA (Ref: > 60 min/d) | 1.78 (1.54–1.92) ** | 1.12 (1.03–1.21) * | 2.10 (1.88–2.23) ** | 1.48 (1.23–1.81) * |
|
Screen time (Ref: < 120 min/d) Sleep quality (Ref: Global PSQI < 5) |
1.56 (1.35–1.67) * 2.01 (1.78–2.25) ** |
1.88 (1.64–1.98) * 1.34 (0.73–1.92) |
1.73 (1.26–2.91) ** 1.44 (1.25–1.62) * |
2.08 (1.28–4.19) ** 1.32 (0.68–2.93) |
| Clustering of lifestyle behaviors a (Ref: Participants who do not meet the cluster inclusion criteria) | ||||
| Low PA+ excess ST | 1.92 (1.65–2.02) ** | 1.03 (0.96–1.17) | 4.13 (3.76–4.24) ** | 2.33 (2.98–3.22) ** |
| Low PA+ poor sleep | 1.05 (0.99–1.19) | 2.19 (1.89–2.26) ** | 1.44 (1.25–1.62) * | 1.03 (0.96–1.17) |
| Excess ST+ poor sleep | 0.89 (0.82–1.06) | 1.11 (0.83–1.54) | 1.32 (1.18–1.43) * | 1.16 (0.93–1.26) |
| Low PA+ excess ST+ poor sleep | 2.88 (2.56–2.90) ** | 1.81 (1.54–1.98) * | 1.97 (1.24–2.58) ** | 1.18 (1.08–1.25) * |
Abbreviations: BMI Body Mass Index, WHtR Waist to Height Ratio. OR Odds Ratio, CI Confidence Interval, PSQI Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index. PA Physical Activity. ST, Screen Time. Ref, Reference
*p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.001
BMI z scores > 1 indicates overweight/ obesity and WHtR > 0.5 indicates central adiposity
aModels were adjusted for age, type of school attended, mother’s highest educational qualification, and family’s monthly income
Low PA – Time spent in physical activities < 60 min/d; Excess ST- Time spent using screens > 2 h/d; Poor Sleep - Global PSQI score > 5
Measures that show significant associations with dependent variables are highlighted