Table 10. Major Yields, Investment, and Production Costs for Different Biomasses^a.

	composition (%)
biomass	W	C	HC	L	A	production cost (M€/yr)	investment cost (M€)	product cost (€/kg)	kgxylitol/kgbiomass	kgsorbitol/kgbiomass	kgH2SO4/kgbiomass	kgH2/kgbiomass	kgsteam/kgbiomass	energy from lignin (kW)	E (kgCO2/kgbiomass)
switchgrass	18.62	31.98	25.15	18.40	5.85	18.7	120.8	0.283	0.259	0.282	0.024	0.007	0.505	67.495	0.145
corn stover	16.95	41.05	31.39	6.34	4.27	16.3	111.7	0.220	0.323	0.361	0.023	0.009	0.386	25.663	0.146
birch (forest residue)	3.80	43.90	28.90	20.20	3.20	19.2	124.8	0.225	0.297	0.386	0.021	0.009	0.350	74.228	0.140
pine (forest residue)	5.00	40.70	26.90	27.00	4.00	20.4	129.6	0.244	0.323	0.358	0.021	0.008	0.353	97.973	0.134
spruce (forest residue)	2.00	42.00	27.30	27.40	1.30	20.5	130.1	0.238	0.281	0.370	0.023	0.008	0.347	99.421	0.135
hybrid poplar	6.91	50.80	26.20	15.50	5.90	18.4	121.5	0.213	0.270	0.447	0.022	0.009	0.357	57.374	0.144
sugar bagasse	7.00	41.00	30.10	21.20	7.00	19.4	125.5	0.230	0.310	0.361	0.022	0.008	0.361	77.889	0.140
wheat straw	8.43	40.26	30.56	16.52	4.23	18.5	121.5	0.228	0.315	0.354	0.022	0.008	0.364	61.446	0.140

^aAbbreviations: W, water; C, cellulose; HC, hemicellulose; L, lignin; A, ash.