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. 2021 Oct 27;15:761812. doi: 10.3389/fncir.2021.761812

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Respiration-driven slow oscillations are widespread in the cortex. (A) Top, black: respiratory trace measured with a thermistor. Bottom, red/blue: LFP traces from two recording sites located 300 μm apart in the whisker barrel cortex during accelerated breathing induced by exposure to hypoxic air. Reprinted from Ito et al. (2014) under CC BY 4.0. (B) Video-based measuring of breathing (BRE signal, top) and simultaneous LFP recordings from OFC, OB, and hippocampus (HIP) during immobility. Reprinted from Kőszeghy et al. (2018) under CC BY 4.0. (C) Top, blue: respiration trace measured with a thermocouple. Middle and bottom, black: simultaneous LFP recordings from the OB and dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. Reprinted from Nguyen Chi et al. (2016) under CC BY 4.0. (D) The mPFC shows strong entrainment by respiration across a variety of behavioral states. Top: mPFC LFP recorded during immobility during the tail suspension test. Bottom: The simultaneous respiratory trace measured with a thermocouple. Adapted from Biskamp et al. (2017) under CC BY 4.0. Bottom: Synchronous LFP signal from the OB and prelimbic cortex (plPFC) recorded during auditory fear conditioning. Please note the increase in the amplitude of the 4 Hz rhythm in both LFP signals at freezing onset, indicated by the horizontal blue bar. Adapted from Moberly et al. (2018) under CC BY 4.0. *p < 0.05.