Table 2.
Clinical characteristics and laboratory data of patients with and without acute Zika virus infection
| Acute ZIKV infection |
No acute ZIKV infection |
aOR (95% CI) Model 1 |
aOR (95% CI) Model 2 |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 58 | N = 167 | OR (95% CI) or P value |
N = 225 | N = 225 | |
| Temperature > 38°C | 3/15 (20%) | 25/73 (34%) | 0.48 (0.08–2.03) | ||
| Missing* | 43 | 94 | |||
| White blood cell count/μL, mean (SD) | 6120 (2,680) | 7,600 (3,840) | 0.002 | ||
| ALC, mean (SD) | 2320 (1,040) | 2,470 (1,290) | 0.41 | ||
| ANC,† mean (SD) | 3480 (2,350) | 4,800 (3,370) | 0.001 | 0.87 (0.75–1.01) | |
| ANC < 1,500, mean (SD) | 5/57 (9%) | 7/162 (4%) | 2.14 (0.59–7.15) | ||
| Mean hemoglobin, g/mL (SD) | 13.5 (2.3) | 13.2 (1.5) | 0.42 | ||
| Mean platelet count/μL (SD) | 257,000 (80,100) | 283,000 (87,400) | 0.06 | ||
| Platelets < 150,000 | 0/50 (0%) | 3/123 (2%) | 0 (0–5.98) | ||
| Self-reported symptoms during the past 7 days | |||||
| Fever | 44/56 (79%) | 149/162 (92%) | 0.32 (0.14–0.77) | ||
| Rash | 50/57 (88%) | 106/162 (65%) | 3.69 (1.65–9.50) | 2.88 (1.20–6.91) | 2.55 (1.04–6.23) |
| Red eyes | 42/56 (75%) | 79/162 (49%) | 3.12 (1.61–6.35) | 2.25 (1.11–4.57) | 2.10 (1.01–4.34) |
| Headache | 40/57 (70%) | 113/161 (70%) | 1.00 (0.52–1.97) | ||
| Retro-orbital pain | 29/57 (51%) | 85/163 (52%) | 0.95 (0.52–1.75) | ||
| Nausea/vomiting | 25/57 (44%) | 59/163 (36%) | 1.38 (0.74–2.55) | ||
| Abdominal pain | 19/57 (33%) | 47/163 (29%) | 1.24 (0.64–2.35) | ||
| Sore throat | 32/57 (56%) | 48/162 (30%) | 3.02 (1.62–5.69) | 2.38 (1.24–4.58) | 2.37 (1.22–4.62) |
| Lethargy | 28/57 (49%) | 78/161 (48%) | 1.03 (0.56–1.89) | ||
| Myalgias | 28/57 (49%) | 81/163 (50%) | 0.98 (0.53–1.79) | ||
| Arthralgias | 37/57 (65%) | 93/163 (57%) | 1.39 (0.75–2.64) | ||
| Bruising or petechiae | 20/57 (35%) | 46/160 (29%) | 1.34 (0.69–2.54) | ||
| Missing | 1–2 | 4–7 | |||
| Blood type | 0.34 | ||||
| A | 5/31 (16%) | 24/96 (25%) | |||
| B | 4/31 (13%) | 6/96 (6%) | |||
| AB | 0 | 0 | |||
| O | 22/31 (71%) | 66/96 (69%) | |||
| Missing* | 27 | 71 | |||
| Self-reported history of arbovirus diagnosis, n (%) | |||||
| Any arbovirus | 23/51 (45%) | 32/144 (22%) | 2.86 (1.44–5.67) | ||
| Dengue | 16/49 (33%) | 21/141 (15%) | 2.76 (1.28–5.90) | ||
| Missing | 1–3 | 23–26 | |||
| Comorbid chronic illness | |||||
| Diabetes | 4/50 (8%) | 4/143 (3%) | 3.00 (0.54–16.8) | ||
| Cancer | 0 | 4/144 (3%) | 0 (0–4.38) | ||
| Kidney disease | 4/49 (8%) | 2/143 (1%) | 6.19 (0.86–70.7) | ||
| Neurological disease | 2/50 (4%) | 2/144 (1%) | 2.94 (0.21–41.5) | ||
| Missing | 1–3 | 23–24 | |||
ALC = absolute leukocyte count; ANC = absolute neutrophil count; aOR = adjusted odds ratio; OR = odds ratio; ZIKV = Zika virus.
*
As mentioned in the Methods section, the initial study protocol did not include documentation of temperature.
†
Included in Model 2 in units of 1,000 cells per μL.