Table 1.
Parameters used in simulations
| Parameter | Details | Value | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Malaria infection prevalence | 50% | 29, 49 | |
| Vector composition | Anopheles. gambiae s.s. | 28% | 29, 49, 50 |
| Anopheles funestus | 42% | 29, 49, 50 | |
| Anopheles arabiensis | 30% | 29, 49, 50 | |
| Vector resistance level* | Pyrethroids | 50% | 8, 49, 55 |
| Organophosphate (Actellic®) | > 90% | 56 | |
| Intervention efficacy† | Regular LLIN | 50% | 55 |
| PBO-LLIN | 90% | 50 | |
| Regular insecticide IRS | 50% | 8, 49, 50 | |
| Alternative insecticide IRS | 80% | 56 | |
| Bti/Bs larvicide (LLML) | 80% | 17 | |
| Re-application interval (months) | IRS‡ | 6 | 50, 56 |
| Bti/Bs larvicide | 4 | 17 | |
Bti/Bs = Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis/Bacillus sphaericus; IRS = indoor residual spraying; LLIN = long-lasting insecticidal net; PBO-LLIN = piperonyl butoxide-treated LLINs; PMI = President’s Malaria Initiative.
*
Mortality measured by WHO tube/cone test. Same morality for all species.
†
Measured by vector mortality.
‡
Current Actellic® IRS is sprayed once a year by PMI.