Table 2.
Bivariate association
| Afghanistan: Vaccination | Nigeria: Vaccination | Pakistan: Vaccination | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | IV | CV | P value* | No | IV | CV | P value | No | IV | CV | P value | |
| Maternal empowerment | (%) | (%) | (%) | (%) | (%) | (%) | (%) | (%) | (%) | |||
| Not empowered | 20.7 | 51.1 | 28.1 | 0.000 | 36.7 | 44.5 | 18.8 | 0.000 | 6.2 | 33.5 | 60.3 | 0.016 |
| Empowered | 15.2 | 47.7 | 37.1 | – | 17.6 | 49.1 | 33.3 | – | 3.9 | 31.3 | 64.8 | – |
| Total | 17.4 | 49.0 | 33.6 | – | 25.3 | 47.2 | 27.5 | – | 5.0 | 32.4 | 62.6 | – |
| Mother’s current age | ||||||||||||
| 15–24 | 17.4 | 51.2 | 31.5 | 0.010 | 29.5 | 48.9 | 21.7 | 0.000 | 6.0 | 35.1 | 59.0 | 0.022 |
| 25–34 | 18.4 | 47.2 | 34.4 | – | 22.8 | 46.6 | 30.7 | – | 4.2 | 30.7 | 65.1 | – |
| 35+ | 15.5 | 49.5 | 35.0 | – | 24.5 | 46.8 | 28.7 | – | 5.9 | 33.4 | 60.7 | – |
| Total | 17.5 | 48.9 | 33.6 | – | 25.0 | 47.3 | 27.7 | – | 5.0 | 32.4 | 62.7 | – |
| Rural/urban residence | ||||||||||||
| Rural | 18.8 | 49.7 | 31.5 | 0.000 | 31.2 | 49.0 | 19.8 | 0.000 | 5.4 | 33.9 | 60.6 | 0.042 |
| Urban | 12.8 | 46.0 | 41.1 | – | 15.6 | 44.5 | 39.9 | – | 4.1 | 29.1 | 66.8 | – |
| Total | 17.5 | 48.9 | 33.6 | – | 25.0 | 47.3 | 27.7 | – | 5.0 | 32.4 | 62.7 | – |
| Mother’s highest education level | ||||||||||||
| No education | 19.1 | 49.8 | 31.2 | 0.000 | 40.8 | 46.3 | 12.8 | 0.000 | 7.8 | 39.6 | 52.6 | 0.000 |
| Primary | 10.3 | 47.8 | 41.9 | – | 21.2 | 50.2 | 28.6 | – | 3.4 | 26.7 | 69.9 | – |
| Secondary | 9.8 | 39.9 | 50.3 | – | 11.2 | 48.3 | 40.4 | – | 1.7 | 25.5 | 72.8 | – |
| Higher | 5.4 | 47.6 | 47.0 | – | 3.4 | 43.2 | 53.4 | – | 2.5 | 25.3 | 72.1 | – |
| Total | 17.5 | 48.9 | 33.6 | – | 25.0 | 47.3 | 27.7 | – | 5.0 | 32.4 | 62.7 | – |
| Father’s highest education level | ||||||||||||
| No education | 19.5 | 51.4 | 29.1 | 0.000 | 42.6 | 45.4 | 12 | 0.000 | 9.7 | 37.3 | 53.0 | 0.000 |
| Primary | 14.6 | 50.5 | 34.9 | – | 23.8 | 49.4 | 26.8 | – | 4.7 | 36.5 | 58.8 | – |
| Secondary | 14.5 | 43.1 | 42.4 | – | 15.0 | 49.2 | 35.8 | – | 2.5 | 27.4 | 70.1 | – |
| Higher | 13.6 | 43.8 | 42.6 | – | 9.9 | 45.3 | 44.9 | – | 2.8 | 30.1 | 67.1 | – |
| Total | 17.4 | 49.1 | 33.6 | – | 25.1 | 47.3 | 27.7 | – | 5.0 | 32.3 | 62.6 | – |
| Household wealth quintile | ||||||||||||
| Poorest | 21.8 | 51.9 | 26.4 | 0.000 | 40.5 | 46.4 | 13.2 | 0.000 | 9.3 | 42.5 | 48.3 | 0.000 |
| Poorer | 20.0 | 51.1 | 28.9 | – | 33.1 | 50.2 | 16.7 | – | 6.8 | 33.3 | 59.9 | – |
| Middle | 19.2 | 50.8 | 30.1 | – | 24.8 | 48.6 | 26.5 | – | 3.8 | 31.7 | 64.5 | – |
| Richer | 14.4 | 46.7 | 38.9 | – | 15.3 | 48.1 | 36.6 | – | 2.8 | 26.2 | 71.0 | – |
| Richest | 11.5 | 43.5 | 44.9 | – | 6.4 | 42.0 | 51.7 | – | 1.8 | 27.0 | 71.2 | – |
| Total | 17.5 | 48.9 | 33.6 | – | 25.0 | 47.3 | 27.7 | – | 5.0 | 32.4 | 62.7 | – |
| Mother’s occupational status | ||||||||||||
| Not working | 17.4 | 48.2 | 34.4 | 0.014 | 36.3 | 43.9 | 19.8 | – | 4.8 | 32.3 | 62.9 | 0.547 |
| Working | 18.1 | 53.4 | 28.5 | – | 20.2 | 48.7 | 31.1 | – | 6.2 | 32.8 | 61.1 | – |
| Total | 17.5 | 48.9 | 33.6 | – | 25.0 | 47.3 | 27.7 | – | 5.0 | 32.4 | 62.7 | – |
| Mother’s exposure to media | ||||||||||||
| No exposure | 21.9 | 50.9 | 27.2 | 0.000 | 38.0 | 46.5 | 15.5 | 0.000 | 7.7 | 38.5 | 53.9 | 0.000 |
| Exposure | 15.2 | 47.9 | 36.9 | – | 17.2 | 47.7 | 35.1 | – | 3.3 | 28.7 | 68.0 | – |
| Total | 17.5 | 48.9 | 33.6 | – | 25.0 | 47.3 | 27.7 | – | 5.0 | 32.4 | 62.7 | – |
CV = complete vaccination; IV = incomplete vaccination; No = no vaccination.
*
P value is based on Design-based F.