| S. No. |
Study ID |
Country |
Interpersonal communication |
Controls |
p-value |
| 1 |
Keller et al. (2019) [21] |
Switzerland |
Total surgeries observed (N = 137) |
Tension-free surgeon heading a surgical team = 12 |
|
| Hospital 1 (H1) N1 = 86 |
| Hospital 2 (H2) N2 = 51 |
| Mean duration between incision and closure: (mean ± standard deviation) = 3.67 ± 2.21 hours |
| H1 = 3.74 ± 2.43 hours |
| H2 = 3.55 ± 1.89 hours |
| Total tense communications = 340 |
| Tensions per surgery (mean ± standard deviation) = 2.48 ± 5.19 |
| Tensions per hour of surgery (mean ± standard deviation) = 0.57 ± 1.02 |
|
| Tension free surgeries = 72 (52.6%) |
|
| Total surgeons = 30 |
|
| Teamwork quality with tension = 4.87 on a 7-point scale |
Teamwork quality without tension = 6.20 on a 7-point scale |
| 2 |
Liaw et al. (2014) [24] |
Singapore |
Medical students (N1 = 33), nursing students (N2 = 92), medical and nursing group |
|
|
| Self-confidence: Scale: 5-50, mean ± standard deviation = 34.26 ± 6.00 |
mean ± standard deviation = 27.68 ± 6.42 |
p = 0.001 |
| Perception: Scale: 8-40, mean ± standard deviation = 36.36 ± 3.46 |
Perception: Scale: 8-40, mean ± standard deviation = 31.90 ± 3.84 |
p = 0.001 |
