Box 3.

Example of a Progressive Shift Away from OS

When AIDS was a life-threatening diagnosis with extremely poor survival, survival was the most relevant endpoint.61 Through advances in antiretroviral therapy, HIV infection is now a chronic, manageable condition, and life expectancy is similar to the general population.62 Today, CD4 cell count and viral load are considered clinically relevant endpoints, and QoL outcomes are prioritized.63,64 It is likely that many cancers will also become chronic diseases with long survival with novel therapies.

Abbreviations: AIDS, acquired immune deficiency syndrome; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; OS, overall survival; QoL, quality of life.