Table 1.
Characteristics
| Age (years) | 73.1 ± 6.7 |
| Gender [M/F] | 213/14 |
| Height (cm) | 163.6 ± 6.7 |
| Weight (kg) | 60.2 ± 10.2 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.5 ± 3.4 |
| Smoking | |
| [non/ex/curr] | 5/187/35 |
| (Pack·Year) | 64.2 ± 66.5 |
| COPD stage [I/II/III/IV] | 54/110/48/15 |
| Treatment [yes/no] | 207/21 |
| [LAMA/LABA/ICS/Theo/Muco/Other] | 175/154/63/3/22/62 |
| Pulmonary Rehabilitation [yes/no] | 15/212 |
| Comorbidity [yes/no] | 168/59 |
| Pulmonary function | |
| IC (L) | 2.22 ± 0.56 |
| FVC (L) | 3.28 ± 0.78 |
| FVC % pred (%) | 99.6 ± 19.5 |
| FEV1 (L) | 1.64 ± 0.60 |
| FEV1/FVC (%) | 49.7 ± 13.2 |
| FEV1% pred (%) | 62.7 ± 20.9 |
| mMRC | 1.2 ± 0.9 |
| 6-minute walk test | |
| Distance (m) | 390.0 ± 102.6 |
| Lowest SpO2 (%) | 89.2 ± 5.1 |
| Grip strength (kgf) | 31.8 ± 7.4 |
| Blood tests | |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 109.1 ± 25.9 |
| Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 6.0 ± 0.6 |
| Red blood cells (×104/μL) | 473.1 ± 55.0 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 14.7 ± 1.5 |
| Brain Natriuretic Peptide (pg/mL) | 36.0 ± 46.1 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 4.2 ± 0.3 |
| Nutrition | |
| Upper arm circumference (cm) | 26.8 ± 3.2 |
| Subcutaneous fat thickness of triceps brachii (cm) | 1.34 ± 0.76 |
| Anxiety score of HADS | 3.3 ± 2.6 |
| Depression score of HADS | 4.3 ± 3.1 |
| Physical activity | |
| Duration at ≥3.0 METs (min) | 60.3 ± 36.4 |
| Duration at ≥2.0 METs (min) | 223.8 ± 93.1 |
| Total activity at ≥3.0 METs (METs∙h) | 3.31 ± 2.12 |
| Step count (steps) | 4350.2 ± 2845.8 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; LAMA, long-acting muscarinic antagonist; LABA, long-acting beta 2 adrenergic agonist; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; Theo, theophylline; Muco, mucolytic agent; IC, inspiratory capacity; FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in one second; %pred, % of predicted value; mMRC, modified Medical Research Council; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, METs, metabolic equivalents.