Table 1. Comparisons of baseline clinical characteristics in patients with and without cardiovascular events.
| All patients ( n = 323) | With events ( n = 72) | Without events ( n = 251) | P -value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 71 (69, 75) | 73 (70, 76) | 70 (69, 74) | ＜0.01 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 259 (80.2) | 61 (84.7) | 198 (78.9) | 0.23 |
| Smoking history, n (%) | 253 (78.3) | 59 (81.9) | 194 (77.3) | 0.40 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 123 (38.1) | 39 (54.2) | 84 (33.5) | ＜0.01 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 216 (66.9) | 44 (61.1) | 172 (68.5) | 0.24 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 244 (75.5) | 56 (77.8) | 188 (74.9) | 0.62 |
| Multivessel disease, n (%) | 129 (39.9) | 39 (54.2) | 90 (35.9) | 0.005 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 16 (5.0) | 4 (5.6) | 12 (4.8) | 0.79 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.3) | 1.2 (1.0, 1.5) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.3) | ＜0.01 |
| BNP (ng/mL) | 63 (41, 98) | 83 (49, 133) | 60 (41, 88) | 0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.7 (5.4, 6.5) | 6.3 (5.4) | 5.7 (5.3, 6.3) | 0.004 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 125 (109, 145) | 127 (107, 148) | 125 (109, 142) | 0.56 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 154 (149, 158) | 153 (149, 158) | 155 (149, 158) | 0.57 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 78 (67, 87) | 77 (67, 88) | 78 (68, 86) | 0.66 |
| FMD (%) | 4.3 (3.5, 5.0) | 4.2 (3.5, 5.0) | 4.3 (3.5, 5.1) | 0.52 |
| baPWV (cm/sec) | 1722 (1623, 1868) | 1719 (1601, 1850) | 1723 (1628, 1878) | 0.31 |
| Medication use, n (%) | ||||
| Beta-blocker | 90 (27.9) | 15 (20.8) | 75 (29.9) | 0.13 |
| ACE-I/ARB | 160 (49.5) | 34 (47.2) | 126 (50.2) | 0.66 |
| Calcium antagonist | 58 (18.0) | 12 (16.7) | 46 (18.3) | 0.75 |
| Aspirin | 323 (100) | 72 (100) | 251 (100) | - |
| Statin | 311 (96.3) | 68 (94.4) | 243 (96.8) | 0.35 |
| Insulin | 11 (3.4) | 5 (5.9) | 6 (2.4) | 0.06 |
| Sulfonylurea | 29 (9.0) | 8 (11.1) | 21 (8.4) | 0.47 |
| Metformin | 17 (5.3) | 5 (6.9) | 12 (4.8) | 0.47 |
Data are expressed as median (25 th and 75 th percentiles) or number (%) of patients.
Diabetes mellitus was defined according to the American Diabetes Association criteria or use of antidiabetic medication. Dyslipidemia was defined by either fasting levels of LDL ≥ 140 mg/dL, triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL, or HDL ≤ 40 mg/dL, or use of cholesterol-lowering medications.
Hypertension was defined as ＞ 140/90 mmHg or use of antihypertensive medication.
Abbreviations: BNP: Brain natriuretic peptide, FMD: Flosw mediated dilation, baPWV: Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, LDL: Low-density lipoprotein, ACE-I: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB: Angiotensin receptor blocker.