Table 2.
Host regulators of cGAS-initiated antiviral signaling.
| Signaling molecule | Classification | Regulator | Function | Ref. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2′,3′-cGAMP | Positive | LRRC8 | Transportation | 290 | |
| Negative | ENPP1 | Hydrolysis | 291 | ||
| Physical interaction & hydrolysis | 292 | ||||
| STING | PTMs | Positive | AMFR/INSIG1 | K27-linked ubiquitination | 304 |
| MUL1 | K63-linked ubiquitination | 301 | |||
| TRAF6 | K63-linked ubiquitination | 302 | |||
| UBXN3B | K63-linked ubiquitination | 303 | |||
| RNF115 | K63-linked ubiquitination | 59 | |||
| CYLD | Deubiquitination | 308 | |||
| OTUD5 | Deubiquitination | 309 | |||
| USP44 | Deubiquitination | 307 | |||
| USP20/USP18 | Deubiquitination | 305 | |||
| USP20 | Deubiquitination | 306 | |||
| iRhom2 | Deubiquitination | 310 | |||
| CSK | Phosphorylation | 315 | |||
| TBK1 | Phosphorylation | 313 | |||
| STING | Palmitoylation | 312 | |||
| Negative | USP13 | K33-linked ubiquitination | 324 | ||
| TRIM30α | K48-linked ubiquitination | 321 | |||
| TRIM29 | K48-linked ubiquitination | 320 | |||
| RNF90 | K48-linked ubiquitination | 319 | |||
| RNF5 | K48-linked ubiquitination | 318 | |||
| USP49 | Deubiquitination | 323 | |||
| USP21 | Deubiquitination | 322 | |||
| PTPN1/2 | Dephosphorylation & degradation | 325 | |||
| PPM1A | Dephosphorylation | 314 | |||
| 2-BP | Inhibition of palmitoylation | 311,312 | |||
| Other regulatory mechanisms | Positive | ZDHHC1 | Physical interaction | 315 | |
| TMED2 | Physical interaction | 316 | |||
| SNX8 | Translocation | 317 | |||
| Negative | Atg9a | Colocalization | 329 | ||
| MRP | Physical interaction | 326 | |||
| NLRX1 | Physical interaction | 327 | |||
| RIG-1/IL-6 | Degradation | 328 | |||