Table 2.
Summary on assays that can be performed using single, double, and triple S-phase labeling with modified nucleotides
| Assay | Single S-phase labeling | Double S-phase labeling | Triple S-phase labeling |
|---|---|---|---|
| Proliferation assay | Pulse-chase labeling with the chase period less than the average cell cycle length (40, 64) | - | - |
| Retrospective birth-dating of cells and tracing cell fate | Pulse-chase labeling with the extended chase period (7, 45, 90) | Pulse-chase labeling with two temporally discriminated labels (20, 54) | Pulse-chase labeling with three temporally discriminated labels (88) |
| Tracing fate of post-mitotic cells | - | Window labeling (17) | - |
| Label-retaining cells | Cumulative labeling (161) | - | - |
| Determination of the S-phase and the cell cycle durations | Cumulative labeling (100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110) and percent labeled mitoses method (100, 110) | Pulse-chase labeling with two labels delivered at variable time intervals (64, 112, 113) | Pulse-chase labeling with three temporally discriminated labels (41) |
| Determination of the G1- and G2-phase durations | Percent labeled mitoses method (100, 110) | - | - |
| Estimation of the size of proliferative population | Cumulative labeling (100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110) | - | - |
| Proliferating and quiescent subpopulations of daughter cells | - | A combination of pulse-chase and cumulative labeling (14, 16, 117) | Pulse-chase labeling with three temporally discriminated labels (41) |