Table 1.
Characteristics of Black and Non-Black patients by site of discharge following index admission for COVID-19.
| Total | Black patients | All other patients | P-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 1,174 | 645 | 529 | |
| Racial sub-groups | ||||
| Black (%) | 645 (54.9) | |||
| White (%) | 427 (36.4) | |||
| Other (%) | 102 (8.7) | |||
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Hispanic | 124 (10.6) | 22 (3.4) | 102 (19.3) | |
| Additional demographics | ||||
| Age, median (yrs, IQR) | 62 (49, 74) | 61 (48, 71) | 63 (50, 77) | 0.022 |
| Female, n (%) | 566 (48.2) | 340 (52.7) | 226 (42.7) | 0.001 |
| Insurance | ||||
| Private (%) | 282 (24.0) | 159 (24.7) | 123 (23.3) | <0.001 |
| Medicare (%) | 555 (47.3) | 290 (45.0) | 265 (50.1) | |
| Medicaid (%) | 223 (19.0) | 154 (23.9) | 69 (13.0) | |
| Uninsured (%) | 38 (3.2) | 8 (1.2) | 30 (5.7) | |
| Unknown (%) | 76 (6.5) | 34 (5.3) | 42 (7.9) | |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Charlson comorbidity index, mean (SD) | 3.2 (3.3) | 3.9 (3.6) | 2.3 (2.7) | <0.001 |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus (%) | 437 (37.2) | 289 (44.8) | 148 (28.0) | <0.001 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (%) | 124 (10.6) | 80 (12.4) | 44 (8.3) | 0.023 |
| Congestive heart failure (%) | 243 (20.7) | 156 (24.2) | 87 (16.4) | 0.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease (%) | 197 (16.8) | 147 (22.8) | 50 (9.5) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension (%) | 786 (67.0) | 483 (74.9) | 303 (57.3) | <0.001 |
| Cancer (%) | 219 (18.7) | 124 (19.2) | 95 (18.0) | 0.579 |
| History of cerebrovascular infarction (%) | 189 (16.1) | 128 (19.8) | 61 (11.5) | <0.001 |
| Sickle cell disease (%) | 21 (1.8) | 21 (3.3) | 0 (0.0) | <0.001 |
| Index admission | ||||
| Length of stay (days, IQR) | 6 (3, 12) | 5 (3, 12) | 6 (3, 11) | 0.164 |
| Mech. ventilated (%) | 152 (12.9) | 87 (13.5) | 65 (12.3) | 0.542 |
| Post-acute care on discharge | ||||
| Home (without services) (%) | 523 (44.5) | 271 (42.0) | 252 (47.6) | <0.001 |
| Home health care (%) | 352 (30.0) | 230 (35.7) | 122 (23.1) | |
| SNF/acute rehab (%) | 241 (20.5) | 114 (17.7) | 127 (24.0) | |
| Other (%) | 58 (4.9) | 30 (4.7) | 28 (5.3) | |
| 30-day outcomes | ||||
| Readmission (%) | 161 (13.7) | 105 (16.3) | 56 (10.6) | 0.005 |
| Time to readmission (median days, IQR) | 7 (3,14) | 6 (3, 15) | 7 (3, 13.5) | 0.9674 |
| Death at 30 days (%) | 20 (1.7) | 14 (2.2) | 6 (1.1) | 0.175 |
| Readmission or death 30 Days (%) | 176 (15.0%) | 116 (18.0) | 60 (11.3) | 0.002 |
*
All p-values are for chi-squared or Mann-Whitney tests; chi-squared tests were used for categorical variables and Mann-Whitney tests were used for continuous variables. Bold values denote p-values that were statistically significant at the p < 0.05 level.