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. 2021 Nov 2;11:753078. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.753078

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Copyright © 2021 Zhao, Zhang, Li, Han and Kan

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Enumeration of viable cells by qPCR and ddPCR during VBNC-state development of V. cholerae strain C6706. (A) Culturable cell counts during VBNC-state development of strain C6706. ∗ indicates that the culturable cell count was <1 colony-forming unit/mL. (B–D) DNA copies/mL measured using genes VC1376, thyA and recA after PMA treatment. (E, F) Change in number of DNA copies/mL measured by qPCR or ddPCR for determination of viable cell counts during VBNC-state development. (G) Live/Dead staining of cells of V. cholerae strain C6706 on day 70 of VBNC-state development. Viable cells, which are stained only by SYTO9, appear green; dead bacteria appear red.