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. 2021 Nov 2;9:744560. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.744560

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Copyright © 2021 Corti, Colombo, Migliavacca, Rodriguez Matas, Casarin and Chiastra.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic representation of agent-based model (ABM) rules in Boyle et al. (2010), with contractile smooth muscle cells (SMCs) (green circles), synthetic SMCs (blue circles) and endothelial cells (red circles). (A) When the endothelium and extracellular matrix (ECM) are intact, SMCs are contractile; (B) The injury provoked by the stent placement induces endothelial denudation, ECM reduction and SMCs removal; (C) In the vicinity of degraded ECM, SMCs switch to the synthetic phenotype; (D) Synthetic SMCs randomly migrate (arrows represent possible directions); (E) Synthetic SMCs proliferate (blue circles with dashed lines represent daughter cells); (F) SMCs produce ECM; (G) Lesion formation; (H) Reendothelialization stops lesion growth. Reprinted with permission from Boyle et al. (2010) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).