Table 1.
Summary of prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal patient variables.
| PRENATAL | All HIE patients | With biomarker data | Without biomarker data | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 201) | (n = 178) | (n = 23) | ||
| Maternal age, median (IQR), n | 29 (25, 33), 201 | 29 (25, 33), 178 | 29.0 (24.0, 32.0), 23 | 0.80a |
| Gravida, median (IQR), n | 2 (1,3), 201 | 2 (1,3), 178 | 2.0 (1.0, 5.0), 23 | 0.50a |
| Race, black, n (%) | 76 (38.0%) | 68 (38.4%) | 8 (34.8%) | 0.86b |
| GA (weeks), median (IQR), n | 39.1 (37.7, 40.1), 201 | 39.1 (37.6, 40.1), 178 | 39.3 (37.9, 40.1), 23 | 0.81a |
| Sex, Male, n (%) | 115 (57.2%) | 100 (56.2%) | 15 (65.2%) | 0.41b |
| Preeclampsia, n (%) | 24 (11.9%) | 19 (10.7%) | 5 (21.7%) | 0.12b |
| IUGR, n (%) | 8 (4.0%) | 6 (3.4%) | 2 (8.7%) | 0.22b |
| Oligohydramnios, n (%) | 5 (2.5%) | 4 (2.2%) | 1 (4.3%) | 0.54b |
| Tobacco exposure, n (%) | 9 (4.5%) | 8 (4.5%) | 1 (4.3%) | 0.97b |
| Opioid exposure, n (%) | 4 (2.0%) | 2 (1.1%) | 2 (8.7%) | 0.02 b |
| Cocaine exposure, n (%) | 2 (1.0%) | 2 (1.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.61b |
| PERINATAL | ||||
| BW (g), median (IQR), n | 3,255 (2,900, 3,680), 201 | 3,235 (2,885, 3,670),178 | 3,371 (2,960, 4,085), 23 | 0.26a |
| Delivery, C/S, n (%) | 137 (68.2%) | 120 (67.4%) | 17 (73.9%) | 0.81b |
| Emergent C/S, n (%) | 119 (60.1%) | 105 (60.0%) | 14 (60.9%) | 0.94b |
| NRFHT, n (%) | 120 (59.7%) | 105 (59.0%) | 15 (65.2%) | 0.57b |
| Placental abruption, n (%) | 35 (17.4%) | 31 (17.4%) | 4 (17.4%) | 1.00b |
| Clinical chorio, n (%) | 23 (11.4%) | 22 (12.4%) | 1 (4.3%) | 0.26b |
| Chorio (pathology), n (%) | 28 (36.0%) | 26 (37.0%) | 2 (29.0%) | 0.65b |
| Funisitis (pathology), n (%) | 14 (18.0%) | 12 (17.0%) | 2 (22.0%) | 0.71b |
| Labor induction, n (%) | 68 (33.8%) | 64 (36.0%) | 4 (17.4%) | 0.08 b |
| Sentinel event, n (%) | 80 (39.8%) | 71 (39.9%) | 9 (39.1%) | 0.94b |
| Meconium-stained AF, n (%) | 71 (35.3%) | 58 (32.6%) | 13 (56.5%) | 0.02 b |
| POSTNATAL | ||||
| Apgar 1 m, median (IQR), n | 1 (1,2), 191 | 1 (1,2), 172 | 1.0 (0.0, 1.0), 19 | 0.03 a |
| Apgar 5 m, median (IQR), n | 4 (3,5), 191 | 4 (3,5), 172 | 3.0 (0.0, 6.0), 19 | 0.15a |
| Apgar 10 m, median (IQR), n | 6 (4,7), 166 | 6 (4,7), 148 | 4.5 (3.0, 7.0), 18 | 0.43a |
| Worse pH, median (IQR), n | 6.95 (6.85, 7.07), 201 | 6.95 (6.85, 7.07), 178 | 6.96 (6.80, 7.04), 23 | 0.75a |
| Worse BE, median (IQR), n | −17.0 (−22, −13.9), 200 | −16.3 (−21, −14), 177 | −18.0 (−25.0, −13.0), 23 | 0.24a |
| Lactate (mmol/L), median (IQR), n | 5.5 (2.6, 9.8), 125 | 5.1 (2.5, 9.5), 109 | 7.1 (3.5, 11.0), 16 | 0.14a |
| Hct (%), median (IQR), n | 46 (40.8, 50.8), 201 | 45.6 (40.6, 51.0), 178 | 46.4 (42.8, 49.1), 23 | 0.63a |
| NRBCs/mm3, median (IQR), n | 1,650 (430, 4,350), 199 | 1,580 (420, 4,180), 176 | 2,460 (1,270, 6,780), 23 | 0.24a |
| Sarnat score, median (IQR), n | 2 (2,2), 201 | 2 (2,2), 178 | 2.0 (2.0, 3.0), 23 | 0.06 a |
| PI score, median (IQR), n | 6 (5,7), 201 | 6 (5,7), 178 | 6.0 (5.0, 9.0), 23 | 0.38a |
| Seizures, n (%) | 62 (30.8%) | 52 (29.2%) | 10 (43.5%) | 0.16b |
| Abnormal MRI, n (%) | 66 (33.0%) | 56 (31.6%) | 10 (43.5%) | 0.26b |
| Neonatal infection, n (%) | 39 (19.2%) | 36 (20.0%) | 3 (13.0%) | 0.43b |
| Death, n (%) | 10 (5.0%) | 6 (3.4%) | 4 (17.4%) | <0.01 b |
AF, amnionitic fluid; BE, base excess; BW, birth weight; C/S, cesarean section; Chorio, chorioamnionitis; GA, gestational age; IQR, interquartile range; Hct, hematocrit; IUGR, in utero growth restriction; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; NRBCs, nucleated red blood cells; NRFHT, non-reassuring fetal heart tracing, PI score, Perinatal Insult score.
a
Wilcoxon rank-sum.
b
Pearson χ2.
Bold represent p-value < 0.05.