Table 2.

Hierarchical regression analysis predicting the four types of proactive coping strategies (i.e., proactive, reflective, strategic, and preventive coping strategies).

Variables	Proactive coping			Reflective coping			Strategic planning			Preventive coping
	R 2	ΔR2	ß	R 2	ΔR2	ß	R 2	ΔR2	ß	R 2	ΔR2	ß
Step 1	0.430**	0.430**		0.155**	0.155**		0.251**	0.251**		0.224**	0.224**
Extraversion			0.231**			−0.061			0.027			−0.035
Agreeableness			0.050			0.126			0.047			0.008
Conscientiousness			0.295**			0.138*			0.381**			0.396**
Emotional stability			0.112*			0.044			0.026			0.003
Openness			0.282**			0.265**			0.173**			0.181**
Step 2	0.467**	0.036**		0.253**	0.098**		0.347**	0.096**		0.349**	0.125**
Extraversion			0.237**			0.018			0.099			0.039
Agreeableness			0.028			0.095			0.015			−0.031
Conscientiousness			0.264**			0.158			0.303**			0.300**
Emotional stability			0.145**			0.012			0.012			0.003
Openness			0.232**			0.189**			0.098			0.088
Organization			−0.094			−0.188*			−0.083			−0.109
Planfulness			0.106			0.395**			0.378**			0.411**
Striving for excellence			0.181**			−0.059			−0.011			0.061
Step 3	0.579**	0.113**		0.282**	0.029**		0.378**	0.031**		0.353	0.004
Extraversion			0.210**			0.004			0.085			0.033
Agreeableness			0.026			0.094			0.014			−0.031
Conscientiousness			0.155*			0.103			0.245**			0.279**
Emotional stability			0.089*			−0.017			−0.018			−0.008
Openness			0.151**			0.148*			0.056			0.072
Organization			−0.058			−0.170			−0.064			−0.102
Planfulness			0.057			0.370**			0.352**			0.401**
Striving for excellence			0.139**			−0.080			−0.033			0.053
General self-efficacy			0.397**			0.200**			0.209**			0.076

N=284; Proactive, reflective, strategic planning, and preventive coping=proactive coping strategies based on personal resources; Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional stability, and Openness=personality traits; Organization, Planfulness, and Striving for excellence=Perfectionistic strivings.

^*p<0.05;

^**p<0.01.