Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population.
| Variable | HC (n = 17) | ND-CAD (n = 36) | MD-CAD (n = 18) | HD-CAD (n = 18) | P- Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||||
| Age, years* | 57.7 ± 12.2 | 65.2 ± 11.1 | 60.2 ± 10.5 | 58.9 ± 8.3 | 0.058 |
| BMI, kg/m2* | 24.85 ± 3.01 | 25.50 ± 2.86 | 25.72 ± 3.51 | 26.19 ± 1.96 | 0.582 |
| SBP, mmHg# | 120.00 (113.00, 130.00) | 130.00 (118.25, 137.00) | 133.50 (123.00, 139.25) | 127.00 (112.75, 134.50) | 0.061a |
| Type of CAD | |||||
| SCAD† | NA | 13 (36.1) | 5 (27.8) | 5 (27.8) | NA |
| UA† | NA | 19 (52.8) | 10 (55.6) | 7 (38.9) | NA |
| MI† | NA | 4 (11.1) | 3 (16.7) | 6 (33.3) | NA |
| Gensini# | NA | 39.50 (19.25, 66.75) | 27.50 (16.00, 42.75) | 34.75 (24.75, 56.00) | 0.613 |
| Drinking information | |||||
| Drink history† | 5 (29.4) | 0 (0) | 18 (100) | 18 (100) | <0.001b, c |
| Drink years# | NA | NA | 30.0 (18.8, 40.0) | 27.5 (20.0, 40.0) | 0.736 |
| Frequency, per week# | NA | – | 7 (1,7) | 7 (7,7) | 0.203 |
| Types† | NA | NA | Liquor: 16 (88.9) Wine: 1 (5.6) Beer: 1 (5.6) |
Liquor: 18 (100) Wine: 0 (0) Beer: 0 (0) |
NA |
| Alcohol intake, g/d# | NA | NA | 21.4 (5.4, 25.0) | 87.5 (60.3, 131.3) | <0.001d |
| Medications | |||||
| HTN, %† | 5 (29.4) | 20 (55.6) | 11 (61.1) | 15 (83.3) | 0.036a |
| T2DM, %† | 1 (5.9) | 13 (36.1) | 4 (22.2) | 7 (38.9) | 0.070a |
| HLP, %† | 5 (29.4) | 22 (61.1) | 9 (50.0) | 13 (72.2) | 0.065a |
| FLD, %† | 4 (23.5) | 5 (13.9) | 5 (27.8) | 3 (16.7) | 0.593 |
| Statin, %† | 1 (5.9) | 12 (33.3) | 5 (27.8) | 9 (50.0) | 0.031a |
| HTN-Drugs, %† | 5 (29.4) | 20 (55.6) | 10 (55.6) | 16 (88.9) | 0.010a, c, d |
| OAD, %† | 1 (5.9) | 6 (16.7) | 2 (11.1) | 7 (38.9) | 0.086 |
| Laboratory test | |||||
| TC, mmol/L* | 4.34 ± 0.68 | 3.93 ± 1.25 | 3.79 ± 1.02 | 3.78 ± 0.89 | 0.363 |
| TG, mmol/L# | 1.36 (0.73, 2.34) | 1.17 (0.98, 1.54) | 1.67 (1.06, 2.15) | 1.18 (0.94, 2.55) | 0.339b |
| LDL-C, mmol/L# | 2.45 (2.03, 3.00) | 2.12 (1.57, 2.81) | 2.06 (1.77, 2.40) | 1.98 (1.43, 2.47) | 0.083a |
| HDL-C, mmol/L* | 1.11 ± 0.28 | 0.96 ± 0.20 | 0.90 ± 0.20 | 0.95 ± 0.21 | 0.040a |
| ALT, U/mL# | 20.00 (13.50, 33.00) | 23.00 (18.25, 29.00) | 20.00 (14.00, 37.75) | 26.00 (18.75, 40.00) | 0.333 |
| CK, U/mL# | 112.00 (91.00, 128.50) | 105.50 (72.75, 142.00) | 91.00 (75.50, 129.00) | 81.50 (70.50, 103.50) | 0.192 |
| CK-MB, U/mL# | 070 (0.50, 0.95) | 0.80 (0.50, 1.75) | 0.60 (0.45, 1.08) | 0.70 (0.60, 1.00) | 0.530 |
| cTnI, ug/L# | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.02) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.01) | 0.03 (0.01, 0.13) | <0.001a, c, d |
| Hs-CRP, mg/L# | 0.50 (0.35, 1.01) | 1.86 (0.90, 4.37) | 1.08 (0.63, 4.51) | 2.39 (1.80, 4.11) | 0.002a |
Data are presented with *mean ± SD,
median (IQR), or
number (%).
Continuous normally distributed data among three groups were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Kruskal-Wallis H-test was employed to analyze continuous data with non-normal distribution among three groups, and Mann—Whitney U-test was applied for that between two groups. Categorical variables were analyzed by χ
test or Fisher's exact test. N/A, not available; SBP, systolic blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; SCAD, stable coronary artery disease; UA, unstable angina; MI, myocardial infarction; HTN, hypertension; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; HLP, hyperlipidemia; FLD, fatty liver disease; HTN drug, antihypertensive drugs; OAD, oral antidiabetic drugs; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triacylglycerol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; CK, creatine kinase; CK-MB, creatine kinase-MB; cTnI, cardiac troponin I; HsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein;
P < 0.05 for HC vs. all patients with CAD.
P < 0.05 for ND-CAD vs. MD-CAD.
P < 0.05 for ND-CAD vs. HD-CAD.
P < 0.05 for MD-CAD vs. HD-CAD.