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. 2021 Nov 2;12:775233. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.775233

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Copyright © 2021 Lin, Lass, Kong, Wang, Li, Huang and O’Byrne

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Spontaneous LH surge and LH surge-like response to optogenetic stimulation of ARC kisspeptin in proestrus Kiss-cre mice. (A) Circulating levels of LH (Mean ± SEM) in proestrus Kiss-cre mice sampled at 30-min intervals (13:00 – 21:00 h) showing spontaneous LH surges (n = 6). (B) Area under curve of LH levels for basal (AUC_b, 13:00 - 17:30 h) and spontaneous LH surge (AUC_surge, 18:30 - 20:30 h) time periods. (C) Evoked LH secretion in response to sustained 5 Hz blue-light stimulations of ARC kisspeptin neuron cell bodies (14:30 - 16:30 h) in Kiss-Cre mice (n = 5). (D) Area under curve of LH levels before stimulation (basal) (AUC_b, 13:00 - 14:30 h), during stimulation (AUC_st, 14:30 - 16:30 h) and during the spontaneous surge (AUC_Surge, 18:00 – 20:30 h) (n = 5). (E) LH levels of wild type (WT) mice sampled at 30-min intervals and subjected to same optic stimulation protocol as Kiss-cre mice (n = 4). (F) Area under curve of LH levels before stimulation (AUC_b, 13:00 - 14:30 h), during stimulation (AUC_st, 14:30 - 16:30 h) and during the spontaneous surge (AUC_Surge, 18:00 - 21:00 h). *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 (unpaired t-test) relative to basal LH levels or AUC for basal LH levels. ^##P< 0.01 indicates a significant difference relative to AUC for stimulation period. Lights off is at 19:00 h for all experiments, as indicated by the grey bar on the abscissa.