Table 3.
Gait Characteristics With and Without Visual Cues.
| Repeated Measures ANOVA | Tukey HSD – Post hoc | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HC | PD-FOG | PD+FOG | Cue (Walk, Visual Cue) | Group (HC, PD-FOG, PD+FOG) | Cue x Group | HC vs PD-FOG | HC vs PD+FOG | PD-FOG vs PD+FOG | ||||
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||||||||||
| Walk | Visual Cue | Walk | Visual Cue | Walk | Visual Cue | F (p) | F (p) | F (p) | p | p | P | |
| Gait speed (m/s) | 1.13 (.15) | 1.21 (.16) | 1.07 (.14) | 1.10 (.17) | .89 (.16) | .93 (.19) | 33.82 (<.001*) | 15.01 (<.001*) | 2.54 (.088) | .202 | <.001* | .001* |
| Stride length (m) | 1.19 (.09) | 1.35 (.11) | 1.12 (.14) | 1.29 (.14) | .98 (.15) | 1.14 (.17) | 349.17 (<.001*) | 15.04 (<.001*) | .20 (.818) | .237 | <.001* | .001* |
| Foot strike angle (°) | 18.38 (3.08) | 22.68 (2.85) | 15.23 (4.24) | 19.08 (4.75) | 9.82 (5.32) | 15.34 (1.25) | 144.24 (<.001*) | 20.65 (<.001*) | 1.82 (.170) | .020* | <.001* | <.001* |
| Double support time (ms) | 20.66 (3.43) | 18.94 (3.13) | 20.48 (2.41) | 19.05 (2.73) | 22.36 (4.50) | 21.64 (4.17) | 31.84 (<.001*) | 3.17 (.049*) | 1.72 (.187) | .999 | .114 | .101 |
*P<.05. ANOVA, analysis of variance; HC, healthy control; PD-FOG, Parkinson’s disease without freezing of gait; PD+FOG, Parkinson’s disease with freezing of gait; SD, standard deviation.