Table 2.

Rare ocular manifestations of various autoimmune diseases.

Autoimmune Disease	Uncommon ocular manifestations associated with the autoimmune disorders
Rheumatoid Arthritis	Peripheral ulcerative, pterygium, peripheral stromal thinning, acute central corneal melting, choroiditis,
Sjogren’s Syndrome	Retinal vasculitis, corneal melt, corneal perforation, conjunctival epithelial keratinization, optic neuropathy, sterile corneal ulcer.
Behcet’s Disease	Hypopyon, papillitis, chorioretinitis, retinal periphlebitis, periarteritis, posterior synechiae, iris bombe, keratic precipitates, epiretinal membrane.
Crohn’s Disease	Subepithelial infiltrates perivascular sheathing, lid swelling, lid margin, orbital myositis, optic neuritis, dyacroadenitis, palpebral ptosis, choroidal neovascularization, central serous chorioretinopathy.
Uclerative Colitis	Orbital swelling, vasculitis, iritis, central serous chorioretinopathy, keratopathy, uveal effusion, choroidal neovascularisation, cranial nerve palsy, optic neuritis.
Celiac Disease	Orbital myositis, keratomalacia, microbial keratitis, retinopathy, pseudotumor cerebri, nyctalopia, thyroid-associated orbitopathy.
Multiple Sclerosis	Cranial nerve palsies, optic neuritis, optic neuritis, internuclear ophthalmoplegia, nystagmus, pars planitis, retinal periphlebitis, oscillopsia, reduced colour perception, lesions affecting the chiasm.
Guillain-Barre Syndrome	Accommodation insufficiency, papillophlebitis, cotton wool spots, pupillary dysfunction, ophthalmoparesis, esotropia, lagophthalmos, ectropion, corneal sensitivity, papilloedema, Colgan’s lid twitch, mydriasis, vertical gaze palsy,
Myasthenia Gravis	Internuclear ophthalmoplegia, ptosis, thyroid eye disease, ophthalmoparesis, lagophthalmos, orbicularis weakness,
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus	Diabetic retinopathy, accommodation insufficiency, reduced vascular density, corneal erosion, corneal hypoesthesia
Graves’ Disease	Thyroid-associated ophthalmology, corneal hysteresis, proptosis, meibomian gland dysfunction, ocular lesions, conjunctival erythema, eyelid oedema
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis	Thyroid-associated ophthalmology, ptosis, reduced color vision, upper eyelid retraction, chemosis, conjunctival prolapse, roptosis, exophthalmos, lid lag,
Psoriasis	Eyelid psoriasis, conjunctival lesions, xerosis, ectropion, orbital myositis, corneal pigment dispersion, corneal opacities, ptosis, peripheral corneal melt syndrome, meibomian gland dysfunction,
Systemic Sclerosis	Telangiectasia, keratoconus, iris transillumination, meibomain gland dysfunction, keratopathy, corneal astigmastism
Dermatomyositis	Ptosis, strabismus, conjunctival oedema, nystagmus, iritis, cotton wool spots, internuclear ophthalmoplegia, papilloedema, orbital myositis, canthal scars