Table 3.

Association of Select Risk Factors with Refractive Errors Outside of ±1.0 Diopters

	Refractive Error Outside ±1.0 Diopters
	Yes		No
Risk Factor	n	%	n	%	Total	OR	95% CI	P
Total population	349	6.1%	5367	93.9%	5716	NA	NA	NA
Exposure of Interest
History of TED	9	13.8%	56	86.2%	65	2.5	1.1–5.7	0.0274
No History of TED	340	6.0%	5311	94.0%	5651	Ref	–	–
Gender
Males	156	6.0%	2435	94.0%	2591	1.0	–	–
Females	193	6.2%	2932	93.8%	3125	Ref	0.8–1.3	0.8202
Race/Ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White	250	6.1%	3874	93.9%	4124	Ref	–	–
African American	43	8.1%	486	91.9%	529	1.4	1.0–2.0	0.0827
Hispanic	24	4.8%	475	95.2%	499	0.8	0.5–1.2	0.2998
Other/Unknown	32	5.7%	532	94.3%	564	0.9	0.6–1.4	0.7283
Smoking Status
Former/Current	151	5.5%	2590	94.5%	2741	Ref	–	–
Never	198	6.7%	2772	93.3%	2970	0.8	0.6–1.0	0.0887
Unknown	0	0%	5	100%	5	NA	NA	NA
Type of Surgery
Combined surgery	75	10.4%	648	89.6%	723	2.0	1.5–2.6	<0.0001
Phacoemulsification only	274	5.5%	4717	94.5%	4991	Ref	–
	Refractive Error Outside ±1.0 Diopters
	Yes				No
Axial Length (mm), mean ± SD	24.3 ± 1.9				24.1 ± 1.4			0.0087

Abbreviation: TED, thyroid eye disease.