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. 2021 Oct 6;36(44):e281. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e281

Table 3. aORsa and 95% CIs for the risk of adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes against normal body mass index.

Outcomes Underweight (n = 849) Normal (n = 3,989) Overweight (n = 751) Class I obesity (n = 579) Class II/III obesity (n = 163)
Preeclampsia 0.812 (0.381–1.731) 1 (reference) 2.523 (1.518–4.195) 3.470 (2.091–5.758) 8.501 (4.647–15.550)
GDM 0.323 (0.183–0.569) 1 (reference) 1.523 (1.131–2.052) 2.776 (2.106–3.660) 5.260 (3.566–7.759)
Preterm labor 1.274 (0.780–2.082) 1 (reference) 0.908 (0.501–1.647) 1.630 (0.968–2.744) 1.667 (0.662–4.201)
PPROM 0.854 (0.630–1.158) 1 (reference) 0.899 (0.652–1.238) 0.813 (0.560–1.180) 0.810 (0.408–1.608)
Placenta abruption 1.364 (0.502–3.706) 1 (reference) 1.434 (0.528–3.893) 0.372 (0.049–2.800) 4.136 (1.206–14.186)
Abortion 1.154 (0.250–5.326) 1 (reference) 2.214 (0.747–6.557) 1.302 (1.108–1.529) -
Stillbirth 1.069 (0.359–3.186) 1 (reference) 0.573 (0.132–2.486) 0.366 (0.049–2.758) -
Preterm delivery < 37 wk 0.982 (0.710–1.358) 1 (reference) 1.355 (1.007–1.823) 1.364 (0.982–1.894) 1.616 (0.945–2.764)
Preterm delivery < 34 wk 1.715 (0.946–3.109) 1 (reference) 1.033 (0.500–2.131) 1.481 (0.738–2.971) 3.537 (1.552–8.064)
Preterm delivery < 28 wk 0.963 (0.213–4.345) 1 (reference) - 0.948 (0.210–4.280) 3.079 (0.671–14.128)
Causes for preterm delivery
Spontaneous 0.937 (0.653–1.345) 1 (reference) 1.240 (0.867–1.646) 1.131 (0.749–1.706) 0.979 (0.450–2.128)
Maternal-fetal indications 1.442 (0.713–2.917) 1 (reference) 1.688 (1.023–2.786) 1.967 (1.167–3.317) 3.145 (1.523–6.494)
Cesarean section 0.820 (0.700–0.960) 1 (reference) 1.276 (1.088–1.496) 1.937 (1.616–2.321) 2.202 (1.578–3.073)
Indications for cesarean section
Previous cesarean section 0.632 (0.472–0.846) 1 (reference) 1.286 (1.027–1.610) 2.149 (1.723–2.679) 1.568 (1.046–2.350)
Abnormal presentation 1.203 (0.861–1.681) 1 (reference) 0.928 (0.631–1.365) 0.930 (0.605–1.429) 1.201 (0.601–2.400)
Progression failure 1.004 (0.807–1.249) 1 (reference) 1.345 (1.090–1.660) 1.453 (1.155–1.828) 1.093 (0.695–1.718)
Maternal-fetal indications 0.984 (0.690–1.404) 1 (reference) 0.922 (0.627–1.354) 0.948 (0.617–1.455) 2.084 (1.201–3.616)
Small for gestational age 1.618 (1.291–2.027) 1 (reference) 0.943 (0.711–1.252) 0.712 (0.501–1.011) 0.848 (0.465–1.545)
Large for gestational age 0.441 (0.213–0.914) 1 (reference) 1.571 (1.024–2.410) 3.176 (2.180–4.626) 4.619 (2.693–7.922)
Birth weight ≥ 4 kg 0.483 (0.232–1.005) 1 (reference) 2.041 (1.322–3.151) 2.972 (1.949–4.532) 3.677 (1.915–7.058)
Major congenital anomaly 1.580 (1.091–2.287) 1 (reference) 1.314 (0.867–1.991) 1.430 (0.912–2.244) 1.933 (0.963–3.881)
1 min Apgar score < 4 1.234 (0.665–2.288) 1 (reference) 0.586 (0.250–1.376) 0.752 (0.320–1.768) 0.852 (0.204–3.560)
5 min Apgar score < 7 1.261 (0.732–2.171) 1 (reference) 0.885 (0.463–1.692) 0.714 (0.324–1.570) 1.806 (0.710–4.593)
Neonatal ICU admission 1.023 (0.800–1.308) 1 (reference) 1.446 (1.150–1.820) 1.105 (0.838–1.459) 2.150 (1.441–3.207)
Neonatal death - 1 (reference) - 4.150 (0.989–17.411) 4.259 (0.480–37.834)

Data are presented as aORs (95% CI). Significant aORs are indicated in bold.

aOR = adjusted odds ratio, CI = confidence interval, GDM = gestational diabetes mellitus, PPROM = preterm premature rupture of membrane, ICU = intensive care unit.

aAdjustment for maternal age.