Table 3. aORsa and 95% CIs for the risk of adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes against normal body mass index.
| Outcomes | Underweight (n = 849) | Normal (n = 3,989) | Overweight (n = 751) | Class I obesity (n = 579) | Class II/III obesity (n = 163) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Preeclampsia | 0.812 (0.381–1.731) | 1 (reference) | 2.523 (1.518–4.195) | 3.470 (2.091–5.758) | 8.501 (4.647–15.550) | |
| GDM | 0.323 (0.183–0.569) | 1 (reference) | 1.523 (1.131–2.052) | 2.776 (2.106–3.660) | 5.260 (3.566–7.759) | |
| Preterm labor | 1.274 (0.780–2.082) | 1 (reference) | 0.908 (0.501–1.647) | 1.630 (0.968–2.744) | 1.667 (0.662–4.201) | |
| PPROM | 0.854 (0.630–1.158) | 1 (reference) | 0.899 (0.652–1.238) | 0.813 (0.560–1.180) | 0.810 (0.408–1.608) | |
| Placenta abruption | 1.364 (0.502–3.706) | 1 (reference) | 1.434 (0.528–3.893) | 0.372 (0.049–2.800) | 4.136 (1.206–14.186) | |
| Abortion | 1.154 (0.250–5.326) | 1 (reference) | 2.214 (0.747–6.557) | 1.302 (1.108–1.529) | - | |
| Stillbirth | 1.069 (0.359–3.186) | 1 (reference) | 0.573 (0.132–2.486) | 0.366 (0.049–2.758) | - | |
| Preterm delivery < 37 wk | 0.982 (0.710–1.358) | 1 (reference) | 1.355 (1.007–1.823) | 1.364 (0.982–1.894) | 1.616 (0.945–2.764) | |
| Preterm delivery < 34 wk | 1.715 (0.946–3.109) | 1 (reference) | 1.033 (0.500–2.131) | 1.481 (0.738–2.971) | 3.537 (1.552–8.064) | |
| Preterm delivery < 28 wk | 0.963 (0.213–4.345) | 1 (reference) | - | 0.948 (0.210–4.280) | 3.079 (0.671–14.128) | |
| Causes for preterm delivery | ||||||
| Spontaneous | 0.937 (0.653–1.345) | 1 (reference) | 1.240 (0.867–1.646) | 1.131 (0.749–1.706) | 0.979 (0.450–2.128) | |
| Maternal-fetal indications | 1.442 (0.713–2.917) | 1 (reference) | 1.688 (1.023–2.786) | 1.967 (1.167–3.317) | 3.145 (1.523–6.494) | |
| Cesarean section | 0.820 (0.700–0.960) | 1 (reference) | 1.276 (1.088–1.496) | 1.937 (1.616–2.321) | 2.202 (1.578–3.073) | |
| Indications for cesarean section | ||||||
| Previous cesarean section | 0.632 (0.472–0.846) | 1 (reference) | 1.286 (1.027–1.610) | 2.149 (1.723–2.679) | 1.568 (1.046–2.350) | |
| Abnormal presentation | 1.203 (0.861–1.681) | 1 (reference) | 0.928 (0.631–1.365) | 0.930 (0.605–1.429) | 1.201 (0.601–2.400) | |
| Progression failure | 1.004 (0.807–1.249) | 1 (reference) | 1.345 (1.090–1.660) | 1.453 (1.155–1.828) | 1.093 (0.695–1.718) | |
| Maternal-fetal indications | 0.984 (0.690–1.404) | 1 (reference) | 0.922 (0.627–1.354) | 0.948 (0.617–1.455) | 2.084 (1.201–3.616) | |
| Small for gestational age | 1.618 (1.291–2.027) | 1 (reference) | 0.943 (0.711–1.252) | 0.712 (0.501–1.011) | 0.848 (0.465–1.545) | |
| Large for gestational age | 0.441 (0.213–0.914) | 1 (reference) | 1.571 (1.024–2.410) | 3.176 (2.180–4.626) | 4.619 (2.693–7.922) | |
| Birth weight ≥ 4 kg | 0.483 (0.232–1.005) | 1 (reference) | 2.041 (1.322–3.151) | 2.972 (1.949–4.532) | 3.677 (1.915–7.058) | |
| Major congenital anomaly | 1.580 (1.091–2.287) | 1 (reference) | 1.314 (0.867–1.991) | 1.430 (0.912–2.244) | 1.933 (0.963–3.881) | |
| 1 min Apgar score < 4 | 1.234 (0.665–2.288) | 1 (reference) | 0.586 (0.250–1.376) | 0.752 (0.320–1.768) | 0.852 (0.204–3.560) | |
| 5 min Apgar score < 7 | 1.261 (0.732–2.171) | 1 (reference) | 0.885 (0.463–1.692) | 0.714 (0.324–1.570) | 1.806 (0.710–4.593) | |
| Neonatal ICU admission | 1.023 (0.800–1.308) | 1 (reference) | 1.446 (1.150–1.820) | 1.105 (0.838–1.459) | 2.150 (1.441–3.207) | |
| Neonatal death | - | 1 (reference) | - | 4.150 (0.989–17.411) | 4.259 (0.480–37.834) | |
Data are presented as aORs (95% CI). Significant aORs are indicated in bold.
aOR = adjusted odds ratio, CI = confidence interval, GDM = gestational diabetes mellitus, PPROM = preterm premature rupture of membrane, ICU = intensive care unit.
aAdjustment for maternal age.