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. 2021 Nov 10;7(11):e08350. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08350

Table 6.

Coefficients associated with nominal exchange rates (β), corrected for endogeneity and interpolated using cubic, quadratic, and Denton methods.

Country of origin Country of destination
High-income economies
Middle-income economies
β Standard error Test
β =1
β Standard error Test
β =1
Cubic method
High-income economies 1.219∗∗∗ 0.171 1.640 2.542∗∗∗ 0.604 6.510∗∗
Middle-income economies
1.803∗∗∗
0.895
0.810
-2.476
2.695
-
Quadratic method

High-income economies 0.726∗∗∗ 0.169 2.620 1.203∗∗ 0.589 0.120
Middle-income economies
0.852
0.818
-
-5.518∗∗
2.695
4.810∗∗
Denton method

High-income economies 1.189∗∗∗ 0.169 1.260 2.293∗∗∗ 0.600 4.640∗∗
Middle-income economies 1.847∗∗ 0.887 0.910 -2.216 2.660 -

Notes: - stands for cases in which test β = 1 is not obtained since β -coefficient is not significant. ∗,∗∗, and ∗∗∗ corresponds to significance at the 10%, 5%, and 1%, respectively.