Table 1. Included articles that met the eligibility criteria.

OR = original research; SR = systematic review.

No.	Authors	Article title	Type of study/characteristics of the studies
1	Ahn E, Lee J, Jeon Y-H, Choi S-W, Kim E	Antidiabetic effects of mulberry (Morus alba L.) branches and oxyresveratrol in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice	Original Research (OR): Morus alba ethanol extracts were administered orally once daily for 22 days in amounts of 0.5 or 1 g/kg of body weight to a diabetic mouse, induced with streptozotocin.
2	Chan EW-C, Lye P-Y, Wong S-K	Phytochemistry, pharmacology, and clinical trials of Morus alba	Systematic Review (SR): Morus alba leaves possess biological activities: antioxidants, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, antiobesity, glycosidase inhibitor, cardioprotective, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic.
3	Díaz SM, Cazaña MY, Pérez HY, Valdivia ÁA, Prieto AM, Lugo MY	Qualitative evaluation of secondary metabolites in extracts of Morus alba L. (Mulberry) varieties and hybrids	OR: The fresh leaves collected from Morus alba were washed, disinfected, dried, and pulverized; then, the extracts were obtained with n-hexane, ethanol, and water, which were filtered and subjected to phytochemical identification tests. A toxicity evaluation of the aqueous extracts was carried out in rats to determine their safety.
4	Ge Q, Cheng L, Tang M, Zhang S, Liu L, Gao L, et al.	Analysis of mulberry leaf components in the treatment of diabetes using network pharmacology	OR: The study identified 202 compounds of the Morus alba leaf using mass spectrophotometry and gas chromatography, 22 components with curative properties were identified on Diabetes Mellitus.
5	Go EJ, Ryu BR, Yang SJ, Baek JS, Ryu SJ, Kim HB, et al.	Anti-obesity Effect of the Flavonoid Rich Fraction from Mulberry Leaf Extract	OR: Flavonoid-rich fractions were administered to rats C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet, and their development in obesity was investigated.
6	He X, Fang J, Ruan Y, Wang X, Sun Y, Wu N, et al.	Structures, bioactivities and future prospective of polysaccharides from Morus alba (white mulberry): A review	SR: The leaves and fruits are rich in polysaccharides with promising activities: antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiobesity, hepatoprotective, and renoprotective.
7	Jeszka-Skowron M, Flaczyk E, Jeszka J, Krejpcio Z, Król E, Buchowski MS	Mulberry leaf extract intake reduces hyperglycaemia in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats fed high-fat diet	OR: A high-fat diet was applied for four weeks to Wistar rats to induce type 2 diabetes. The animals were subsequently treated with extracts of dried leaves of Morus alba and ethanol or acetone.
8	Ji S, Zhu C, Gao S, Shao X, Chen X, Zhang H, et al.	Morus alba leaves ethanol extract protects pancreatic islet cells against dysfunction and death by inducing autophagy in type 2 diabetes	OR: The main chemical components of the ethanol extract of Morus alba leaves were analyzed to determine their identification and quantification using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. Rats were used in which T2DM was induced using a high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin; the MLE was administered by oral gavage.
9	Jiao Y, Wang X, Jiang X, Kong F, Wang S, Yan C	Antidiabetic effects of Morus alba fruit polysaccharides on high-fat diet- and streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes in rats	OR: Rats were induced to have Diabetes on a high-fat, low-dose streptozotocin diet. The animals were treated with two polysaccharide fractions from the Morus alba fruit (MFP50 and MFP90). Normal rats and diabetic rats treated with metformin were compared.
10	Kan J, Velliquette RA, Grann K, Burns CR, Scholten J, Tian F, et al	A novel botanical formula prevents diabetes by improving insulin resistance	OR: Tests were carried out in male Sprague Dawley rats, administering extracts of a recipe composed of extracts of leaves of Morus alba, American ginseng, and Trigonella foenum-graecum, to determine their inhibitory capacity on the enzymes α-amylase and α- glucosidase, in a cell-free system.
11	Kar A, Mukherjee PK, Sankarshan S, Bahadur S, Ahmmed SKM, Subrata P	Possible herb-drug interaction of Morus alba L.- a potential antidiabetic plant from Indian traditional medicine	OR: An assay was carried out to quantify the active compounds of the Morus alba leaf extract by the RPHPLC method. The inhibitory potential was determined in pooled CYP450 as well as recombinant CYP450.
12	Khyade VB	Influence of Leaf Decoction of Mulberry, Morus alba (L.) on Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes in Brown Rat, Rattus norvegicus	OR: A test was carried out to evaluate the effects of treatment with the product resulting from the decoction of Morus alba leaves on specimens of Rattus norvegicus", for which 20 g/L was administered. One week before treatment, experimental Diabetes was induced by applying streptozotocin.
13	Król E, Jeszka-Skowron M, Krejpcio Z, Flaczyk E, Wójciak RW	The Effects of Supplementary Mulberry Leaf (Morus alba) Extracts on the Trace Element Status (Fe, Zn and Cu) in Relation to Diabetes Management and Antioxidant Indices in Diabetic Rats	OR: Male Wistar rats were induced with Diabetes by placing them on a high-fat diet and administering streptozotocin. 38 rats divided into 5 experimental groups were used: (1) AIN-93M-fed healthy control group; (2) HF control group; (3) HF diabetic group; (4) HF + AE diabetic group (6 g/kg diet); and, (5) HF + EE diabetic group (diet 6 g/kg).
14	Lim SH, Yu JS, Lee HS, Choi C-I, Kim KH	Antidiabetic Flavonoids from Fruits of Morus alba Promoting Insulin-Stimulated Glucose Uptake via Akt and AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Activation in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes	OR: A phytochemical analysis of the Morus alba ethanol extract was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). After purification, it was possible to isolate two main active principles: rutin and quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucoside (Q3G), to later apply them to 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
15	Liu C, Xiang W, Yu Y, Shi ZQ, Huang XZ, Xu L.	Comparative analysis of 1-deoxynojirimycin contribution degree to α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and physiological distribution in Morus alba L	OR: 12-day-old male Wanxi white geese were used, which were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups: (1) Control group with simple diet without 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ); (2) Group L-DNJ; (3) Group M-DNJ; and (4) HDNJ Group; these last three groups had complementary elemental diets with DNJ: 0.05 mg/g, 0.1 mg/g, and 0.15 mg/g, respectively. The feeding lasted for six weeks.
16	Mahboubi M	Morus alba (mulberry), a natural potent compound in management of obesity	SR: The objective of this review was to evaluate the potential effect of Morus alba as an antiobesity agent; therefore, various databases were searched: PubMed, Science Direct, Springer, Wiley, and Google Scholar) unpublished data (reports from R&D, thesis, and dissertations).
17	Mahesh DS, Vidhathri BS, Vidyashree DN, Narayanaswamy TK, Subbarayappa CT, Muthuraju R	Biochemical Composition and Pharmacological Properties of Mulberry (Morus spp.) - A Review	SR: The biochemical composition and pharmacological properties of various mulberry species are reviewed. It includes its nutritional value, phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, mineral composition, hypoglycemic activity, antiobesity and hyperlipidemic action, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antiallergic function, its vasoactive, neuroprotective, renoprotective, and anticancer action.
18	Mellado-Orellana R, Salinas-Lezama E, Sánchez-Herrera D, Guajardo-Lozano J, Díaz-Greene EJ, Rodríguez-Weber FL	Pharmacological treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2 directed to patients with overweight and obesity	SR: The evidence-based recommendations are oriented towards pharmacological and surgical intervention and changes in the lifestyle of obesity management as part of the comprehensive treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
19	Meng Q, Qi X, Chao Y, Chen Q, Cheng P, Yu X, et al.	IRS1/PI3K/AKT pathway signal involved in the regulation of glycolipid metabolic abnormalities by Mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf extracts in 3T3-L1 adipocytes	OR: The Morus alba leaf extract was prepared to contain the flavonoids (1 g/ml), and the routine of the flavonoids was determined using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique with the Agilent 1260 system.
20	Meng Q, Qi X, Fu Y, Chen Q, Cheng P, Yu X, et al.	Flavonoids extracted from mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf improve skeletal muscle mitochondrial function by activating AMPK in type 2 diabetes	OR: Skeletal cells were cultured in vitro, which were treated with or without flavonoids extracted from Morus alba. For in vivo studies, db/db mice were used for type 2 diabetes, with/without MLF therapy. Α-SMA immunofluorescence staining and Coomassie brilliant blue staining were used to identify differentiated L6 cells. The glucose level and the L6 ATP level were carried out by optical density detection, and the viability of the cell was carried out by the MTT method.
21	Rodrigues EL, Marcelino G, Silva GT, Figueiredo PS, Garcez WS, Corsino J, et al.	Nutraceutical and Medicinal Potential of the Morus Species in Metabolic Dysfunctions	SR: The genus Morus is used for the treatment and prevention of Diabetes mellitus through its hypoglycemic action, as it has phenolic, anthocyanin, and flavonoid components, in greater or lesser concentration depending on the species; in the case of Morus alba, it has low concentrations of flavonoids and anthocyanins.
22	Saeedi P, Petersohn I, Salpea P, Malanda B, Karuranga S, Unwin N, et al.	Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: Results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition	SR: 255 high-quality sources published between 1990 and 2018 from 138 countries were studied. Countries with low-quality data were extrapolated based on geography, ethnicity, language, and economy. A regression was applied to generate estimates taking into account the specific age between 20-79 years and the prevalence of Diabetes.
23	Seclén S	Diabetes mellitus in Peru where we are going	SR: Analyzes epidemiological data extracted from surveys carried out in Peru: ENDES, 2013; ENAHO, 2009-2010; PERUDIAB, 2012; WHO DIAMOND, SEARCH Study.
24	Swathi P, Gana Manjusha K, Vivekanand M, Ramkishan A, Bhavani B	Effect of morus alba against hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic activities in streptozotocin induced diabetic nephropathy	OR: It was applied in male Wistar rats induced to Diabetes with streptozotocin, applying an ethanolic extract of Morus alba (AME) leaf. After 12 weeks of starting the experimental work, the following were biochemically analyzed: blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, bilirubin, albumin, creatinine, total protein, urea, lipid profile, and urine. Histopathological observations were also made.
25	Villena JE	Diabetes Mellitus in Peru	SR: It was based on the systematic search of bibliographic sources included in Scielo, PubMed, literature from the World Health Organization, the International Diabetes Federation, and Peruvian agencies related to the subject in question.
26	Wei H, Liu S, Liao Y, Ma C, Wang D, Tong J, et al.	A systematic review of the medicinal potential of mulberry in treating diabetes mellitus	SR: Morus alba studies are systematized, classifying them by their chemical composition, pharmacological effects of the different parts of the plant on diabetes mellitus, which included: glucose absorption, insulin secretion, oxidative and anti-inflammatory processes.
27	Wen P, Hu TG, Linhardt RJ, Liao ST, Wu H, Zou YX	A review of bioactive compounds and advanced processing technology	SR: A description of mulberry is detailed, examining its main active principles, including polysaccharides, alkaloids, phenols, anthocyanins, and flavonoids. Technological advances for its extraction are described: solid-liquid extraction, supercritical-fluid extraction, liquid-pressurized extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, enzymatic assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, solid-phase extraction; other techniques for its separation, such as ion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration chromatography, preparative liquid chromatography, countercurrent chromatography, silica gel chromatography, and macroporous resin adsorption.
28	Wilson RD, Islam MS	Effects of white mulberry (Morus alba) leaf tea investigated in a type 2 diabetes model of rats	OR: It was carried out in male Sprague-Dawley rats of 6 weeks, divided into four groups; They were given high doses (0.5%) and low doses (0.25%) of white mulberry leaf tea. The groups were classified: standard control group (NC), diabetic control group (DBC), high dose diabetic group (DMTH), and low dose diabetic group (DMTL). T2DM was induced with streptozotocin, and four weeks later, analytical tests were performed to evaluate the levels of blood glucose, serum insulin, uric acid, glucose intolerance, glucose intolerance, fructosamine, AST, ALT, albumin, creatinine, and cholesterol.
29	Younus I, Fatima A, Ali SM, Usmani S, Begum Z, Badar S, et al.	A review of ethnobotany, phytochemistry, antiviral and cytotoxic/anticancer potential of morus alba linn	SR: The article summarizes the phytochemistry, ethnobotany, antiviral and cytotoxic properties, and anticancer potential of Morus alba Research revealed that various parts of the plant contained flavonoids, glycosides, polysaccharides, tannins, and lectins.