Table 5.
Conditional predicted trajectories of distress and impairment by covariates
| Outcome | Parameter | Predictor | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | Gender | Race | COVID-19 diagnosis | Know COVID-19 death | ||
| Covid stress | ||||||
| Intercept | B (SE) | − .008*** (.002) | .061 (.048) | − .046 (.056) | .367*** (.063) | .112 (.061) |
| β (SE) | − .013 (.003) | .099 (.078) | − .075 (.091) | .598 (.103) | .182 (.100) | |
| R2 | .112 | – | – | – | – | |
| Slope | B (SE) | .000 (.001) | .001 (.015) | − .036 (.019) | .016 (.023) | .038 (.020) |
| β (SE) | − .002 (.006) | .009 (.166) | − .386 (.208) | .168 (.251) | .413 (.220) | |
| R2 | .092 | – | – | – | – | |
| Anxiety | ||||||
| Intercept | B (SE) | − .008*** (.003) | .163** (.063) | − .001 (.073) | .733*** (.099) | .189* (.080) |
| β (SE) | − .010 (.003) | .201 (.077) | − .001 (.090) | .905 (.121) | .233 (.099) | |
| R2 | .190 | – | – | – | – | |
| Slope | B (SE) | − .001 (.001) | − .021 (.020) | .035 (.025) | − .041 (.039) | .024 (.028) |
| β (SE) | − .007 (.008) | − .223 (.212) | .367 (.257) | − .436 (.421) | .249 (.295) | |
| R2 | .061 | – | – | – | – | |
| Depression | ||||||
| Intercept | B (SE) | − .009** (.003) | .162* (.073) | − .071 (.083) | .743*** (.108) | .159 (.088) |
| β (SE) | − .010 (.003) | .174 (.078) | − .076 (.089) | .799 (.116) | .171 (.095) | |
| R2 | .151 | – | – | – | – | |
| Slope | B (SE) | .000 (.001) | − .034 (.021) | .043 (.028) | − .003 (.043) | − .010 (.026) |
| β (SE) | .001 (.100) | − .403 (.295) | .500 (.365) | − .033 (.509) | − .112 (.314) | |
| R2 | .086 | – | – | – | – | |
| Functional impairment | ||||||
| Intercept | B (SE) | − .012 (.006) | − .317* (.154) | − .341 (.186) | 2.708*** (.270) | .604** (.211) |
| β (SE) | − .005 (.003) | − .136 (.066) | − .146 (.080) | 1.164 (.113) | .260 (.091) | |
| R2 | .305 | – | – | – | – | |
| Slope | B (SE) | .000 (.002) | − .015 (.042) | .009 (.047) | .051 (.068) | .079 (.053) |
| β (SE) | − .002 (.009) | − .082 (.239) | .048 (.259) | .283 (.401) | .438 (.352) | |
| R2 | .071 | – | – | – | – | |
SE (standard error) presented in parentheses following beta parameter estimates. Models utilized dummy codes for non-continuous variables, including gender (1 = female, 0 = male), race (1 = White; 0 = not White), report of confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis (1 = yes, 0 = no), and report of knowing an individual who died to COVID-19 (1 = yes, 0 = no). COVID Stress variable derived from modified Perceived Stress Scale (PSS; Cohen et al., 1983) to measure perceived stress associated with the COVID-19 pandemic that occurred during the past week. Anxiety variable derived from Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale (OASIS; Norman et al., 2006) total score. Depression variable derived from Overall Depression Severity and Impairment Scale (ODSIS; Bentley et al., 2014) total score. Functional Impairment variable derived from Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS; Mundt et al., 2002) total score
B unstandardized beta coefficient, p probability value for unstandardized beta coefficient, β standardized beta coefficient, R2 standardized coefficient of determination
***p < .001; **p < .01; *p < .05