FIG 1.

Japanese encephalitis virus and Chandipura virus induce AFP in 10-day-old BALB/c mice. (A) Pups were either mock infected using PBS or inoculated intraperitoneally with 3 × 10⁴ PFU of JEV or 1 × 10⁴ PFU of CHPV. Animals were scored daily until clinical features of hindlimb paralysis appeared. Pups were sacrificed and lumbar cord tissue was harvested at days 1, 3, 5, and 7 postinfection (pi) for JEV and days 1, 2, and 3 pi for CHPV. Blue bar charts represent JEV infection and orange bar charts represent CHPV infection. (B) Characteristic changes in locomotion of infected animals with representative posture of duck foot motion and hindlimb paralysis were scored quantitatively and analyzed as GLB (general locomotory behavior) score. Data are represented as means ± standard deviations (SD) for 5 animals per group where P values were determined (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001) using one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Bonferroni test. (C) Altered hindlimb clasping phenotype with typical posture of hindlimbs retracted toward the midline or away from midline was scored as HLC (hindlimb clasping) score where data are represented as means ± SD for 5 animals per group, with statistical significance being determined (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001) using one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Bonferroni correction. (D) Severity in gait of the animals was quantified by footprinting analysis where error bars are represented as mean ± SD for 5 animals, with P values determined (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001) using two-tailed paired t test.