Table 2.

Associations between education and prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes, the Tromsø Study 1994–2016

	Undiagnosed diabetes as % of people without known diabetes			Undiagnosed as % of all diabetes
	Primary and secondary	High school or vocational	University	Primary and secondary	High school or vocational	University
Tromsø 4 1994–1995
Crude	1.00 (reference)	0.45 (0.25 to 0.81)	0.44 (0.21 to 0.93)	1.00 (reference)	0.71 (0.42 to 1.18)	1.27 (0.70 to 2.29)
Model 1*	1.00 (reference)	0.47 (0.26 to 0.85)	0.52 (0.24 to 1.10)	1.00 (reference)	0.69 (0.41 to 1.17)	1.18 (0.64 to 2.19)
Model 2*	1.00 (reference)	0.51 (0.28 to 0.93)	0.54 (0.27 to 1.20)	1.00 (reference)	0.65 (0.38 to 1.09)	1.26 (0.68 to 2.34)
Tromsø 5 2001–2002
Crude	1.00 (reference)	0.69 (0.50 to 0.97)	0.59 (0.37 to 0.94)	1.00 (reference)	0.99 (0.76 to 1.29)	1.08 (0.75 to 1.55)
Model 1*	1.00 (reference)	0.80 (0.57 to 1.12)	0.79 (0.49 to 1.28)	1.00 (reference)	0.98 (0.74 to 1.28)	1.12 (0.77 to 1.62)
Model 2*	1.00 (reference)	0.83 (0.59 to 1.17)	0.87 (0.54 to 1.39)	1.00 (reference)	0.98 (0.74 to 1.29)	1.10 (0.76 to 1.59)
Tromsø 6 2007–2008
Crude	1.00 (reference)	0.61 (0.47 to 0.79)	0.31 (0.22 to 0.43)	1.00 (reference)	0.82 (0.66 to 1.03)	0.63 (0.48 to 0.84)
Model 1*	1.00 (reference)	0.77 (0.59 to 1.01)	0.46 (0.33 to 0.64)	1.00 (reference)	0.85 (0.67 to 1.06)	0.67 (0.50 to 0.90)
Model 2*	1.00 (reference)	0.85 (0.64 to 1.11)	0.54 (0.39 to 0.75)	1.00 (reference)	0.86 (0.68 to 1.08)	0.68 (0.51 to 0.92)
Tromsø 7 2015–2016
Crude	1.00 (reference)	0.52 (0.40 to 0.69)	0.28 (0.21 to 0.37)	1.00 (reference)	0.82 (0.64 to 1.05)	0.74 (0.57 to 0.95)
Model 1*	1.00 (reference)	0.65 (0.49 to 0.87)	0.40 (0.30 to 0.54)	1.00 (reference)	0.81 (0.63 to 1.04)	0.74 (0.57 to 0.95)
Model 2*	1.00 (reference)	0.69 (0.52 to 0.91)	0.48 (0.36 to 0.65)	1.00 (reference)	0.81 (0.63 to 1.05)	0.76 (0.59 to 0.99)

*Model 1: adjustment for age and sex. Model 2: adjustment for age, sex and body mass index.