Table 1.
Demographic and clinical features of patients hospitalized with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in 2020
| Demographic | SARS‐CoV‐2 Cohort | Positive RT‐PCR SARS‐CoV‐2 Cohort | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SLE (n = 382) | Non‐SLE (n = 312 047) | P Value | SLE (n = 319) | Non‐SLE (n = 251 800) | P Value | |
| Age, mean (SD), yr | 45.1 (16.6) | 58.6 (19.1) | <0.0001 | 45.5 (16.5) | 58.7 (18.9) | <0.0001 |
| Female sex, n (%) | 327 (85.6) | 136 593 (43.8) | <0.001 | 274 (85.9) | 110 309 (43.8) | <0.001 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||||
| Any comorbidity | 236 (61.8) | 179 205 (57.4) | 0.086 | 198 (62.1) | 147 815 (58.7) | 0.245 |
| Arterial hypertension | 60 (15.7) | 37 799 (12.1) | 0.032 | 50 (15.7) | 30 846 (12.3) | 0.075 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 74 (19.4) | 76 689 (24.6) | 0.018 | 59 (18.5) | 63 010 (25.0) | 0.009 |
| Heart disease | 110 (28.8) | 99 909 (32.0) | 0.177 | 92 (28.8) | 82 987 (33.0) | 0.133 |
| Hepatic disease | 10 (2.6) | 2900 (0.9) | 0.001 | 10 (3.1) | 2425 (1.0) | <0.001 |
| Lung disease | 24 (6.3) | 21 184 (6.8) | 0.694 | 20 (6.3) | 17 919 (7.1) | 0.632 |
| Renal disease | 66 (17.3) | 15 658 (5.0) | <0.001 | 50 (15.7) | 13 291(5.3) | <0.001 |
| Neurological disease | 16 (4.2) | 12 854 (4.1) | 0.946 | 10 (3.1) | 11 028 (4.4) | 0.343 |
| Oncological disease | 8 (2.1) | 7608 (2.4) | 0.663 | 6 (1.9) | 6631 (2.6) | 0.507 |
| Transplant patients | 3 (0.8) | 548 (0.2) | 0.031 | 3 (0.9) | 510 (0.2) | 0.021 |
| Smoking | 3 (0.8) | 19 053 (6.1) | <0.001 | 3 (0.9) | 16 363 (6.5) | <0.001 |
| Alcoholism | 1 (0.3) | 3224 (1.0) | 0.1982 | 1 (0.3) | 2577 (1.0) | 0.327 |
| Obesity/overweight | 27 (7.1) | 1374 (0.4) | <0.001 | 23 (7.2) | 1065 (0.4) | <0.001 |
| COVID‐19 | ||||||
| Symptoms, n (%) | ||||||
| Fever | 245 (64.1) | 207 738 (66.6) | 0.313 | 203 (63.6) | 169 270 (67.2) | 0.192 |
| Cough | 259 (67.8) | 225 449 (72.2) | 0.052 | 218 (68.3) | 184 013 (73.1) | 0.065 |
| Sore throat | 68 (17.8) | 61 970 (19.9) | 0.314 | 49 (15.4) | 48 698 (19.3) | 0.084 |
| Dyspnea | 287 (75.1) | 212 359 (68.1) | 0.003 | 240 (75.2) | 172 859 (68.6) | 0.013 |
| Respiratory discomfort | 232 (60.7) | 169 922 (54.5) | 0.014 | 185 (58.0) | 138 125 (54.9) | 0.285 |
| Desaturation | 229 (59.9) | 168 426 (54.0) | 0.019 | 188 (58.9) | 139 003 (55.2) | 0.016 |
| Diarrhea | 69 (18.1) | 42 077 (13.5) | 0.009 | 55 (17.2) | 34 329 (13.6) | 0.073 |
| Vomiting | 50 (13.1) | 24 217 (7.8) | <0.001 | 39 (12.2) | 19 653 (7.8) | 0.005 |
| Abdominal pain | 8 (2.1) | 4694 (1.5) | 0.344 | 7 (2.2) | 3485 (1.4) | 0.318 |
| Fatigue | 31 (8.1) | 26 610 (8.5) | 0.773 | 23 (7.2) | 21 087 (8.4) | 0.516 |
| Anosmia | 26 (6.8) | 17 099 (5.5) | 0.255 | 24 (7.5) | 13 164 (5.2) | 0.086 |
| Ageusia | 10 (2.6) | 12 416 (4.0) | 0.174 | 9 (2.8) | 9317 (3.7) | 0.495 |
| ICU admission, n (%) | 159 (41.6) | 90 999 (29.2) | <0.001 | 132 (41.4) | 77 572 (30.8) | <0.001 |
| Ventilatory support, n (%) | 251 (65.7) | 172 318 (55.2) | <0.001 | 206 (64.6) | 141 512 (56.2) | 0.003 |
| Invasive ventilation | 105 (27.5) | 53 014 (17.0) | <0.001 | 83 (26.0) | 44 028 (17.5) | <0.001 |
| Noninvasive ventilation | 146 (38.2) | 119 304 (38.2) | 0.996 | 123 (38.6) | 97 484 (38.7) | 1.000 |
| ICU length of stay, mean (SD), d | 10.1 (9.9) | 10.3 (10.5) | 0.734 | 10.7 (10.3) | 10.5 (10.6) | 0.734 |
| Hospital length of stay, mean (SD), d | 11.7 (13.7) | 11.1 (12.1) | 0.376 | 12.0 (14.3) | 11.4 (12.1) | 0.376 |
| Outcome, n (%) | ||||||
| Deaths | 154 (40.3) | 103 039 (33.0) | 0.003 | 126 (39.5) | 82 895 (32.9) | 0.015 |
| Combined poor outcomes (ICU admission + MV need + death) | 210 (54.9) | 148 459 (47.5) | <0.001 | 173 (54.2) | 122 341 (48.5) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: COVID‐19, coronavirus disease 2019; ICU, intensive care unit; MV, mechanical ventilation; RT‐PCR, reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction; SARS‐CoV‐2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SD, standard deviation; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus.